Effect of drying conditions during sample pre-treatment on the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils

Narizzano, Riccardo; Risso, Fulvia; Magherini, Alfredo; Magi, Emanuele; Giampieri, Michele; Devia, Carla; Venturelli, Gloria; Carlini, Eugenio

doi:10.1007/s00216-012-6304-0

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…Narizzano et al (2013) classified PAHs into two groups: PAHs lighter than pyrene which are seriously affected by drying temperature; and heavier PAHs that can be considered as non-volatile compounds. Thus lighter PAHs and especially BTEX need to be analysed in situ, and the effect of moisture on infrared spectra should be taken into account.…”

Section: Organic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tThere are tens of millions of contaminated soil sites in the world, and with an increasing population and associated risk there is a growing pressure to remediate them. A barrier to remediation is the lack of cost-effective approaches to assessment. Soil contaminants include a wide range of natural and synthetic metallic and organic compounds and minerals thus making analytical costs potentially very large. Further, soil contaminants show a large degree of spatial variation which increases the burden on sampling costs. This paper reviews potentially cost-effective methods for measurement, sampling design, and assessment. Current tiered investigation approaches and sampling strategies can be improved by using new technologies such as proximal sensing. Design of sampling can be aided by on-the-go proximal soil sensing; and expedited by subsequent adaptive spatially optimal sampling and prediction procedures enabled by field spectroscopic methods and advanced geostatistics. Field deployment of portable Visible & Near Infrared [wavelength 400-2500 nm] (Vis-NIR) and X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopies will require special calibration approaches but show huge potential for synergistic use. The use of mid-infrared spectroscopy [wavelength 2500-25,000 nm, wavenumber 4000-400 cm −1 ] (MIR) for field implementation requires further adaptive research. We propose an integrated field-deployable methodology as a basis for further developments. Crown

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Section: Organic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

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Effects of drying and comminution type on the quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in a homogenised gasworks soil and the implications for human health risk assessment

et al. 2014

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This research investigates the effect of nine physical treatment types comprising a serial combination of three drying (air, freeze and oven) and two comminution (milling and sieving) methods on the quantification of PAH in a soil sample from a former gasworks. Results show that treatment type has a significant effect on PAH concentration (p⩽0.05). Naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene concentrations were significantly higher for air drying and freeze drying treatments than for oven drying. It is suggested that naphthalene and similarly volatile PAH losses were greater for oven drying due to the application of fanned warm air which is thought to cause volatilisation. Analytical precision was significantly improved for milled samples compared with sieved samples. The reason milling results in greater precision is assigned to the improved solvent extraction efficiency when natural grain size is altered due to crushing. The analytical data were compared to residential generic assessment criteria (GAC) used for risk-based land management. It was shown that the naphthalene GAC was lower than all freeze drying and air drying concentrations but was within the oven drying concentration range, illustrating that a false negative could be concluded during risk evaluation is oven dried data were used. Overall, it is recommended that air drying or freeze drying is a better choice than oven drying if the quantification of low molecular weight PAH forms an important objective of sample characterisation for risk-based land management, otherwise freeze drying and milling is recommended.

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Effect of drying conditions during sample pre-treatment on the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Effects of drying and comminution type on the quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in a homogenised gasworks soil and the implications for human health risk assessment

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