Effect of dry and wet ambient environment on the pulsed laser ablation of titanium

Cavity formation and surface modeling of laser milling process under a thin-flowing water layer

“…Secondly, the thermal shocking effect raises the residual stress in the laser-heated region, thus initiating and growing the micro-cracks. Such findings are also experienced by Ali et al [14], Duangwas et al [20], Charee et al [5], Tangwarodomnukun et al [6], Ouyang et al [23] and Darwish et al [1].…”

“…Thus, the water film should be thick enough to facilitate the particles flushing and workpiece cooling, but it should not be too thick to cause a significant absorption of laser intensity in water. Based on several reports [3][4][5][6]14,15], the water layer thickness applied in the underwater laser ablation can range from 0.5 to 4 mm depending on the laser wavelength and workpiece materials being cut. Using a thicker water layer is, however, possible as long as higher laser energy is applied to the process.…”

A comparison of laser beam machining of micro-channels under dry and wet mediums

“…[19][20][21]) and mostly present the results in the form of comparison. For example, a comparison on the surface and structural properties achieved after laser ablation under different environments can be touched in Ali et al [22] where the research team applied KrF Excimer laser on titanium alloy. They used air, deionized water, and propanol as the machining environments.…”

Carbon Ion Irradiation Effects on Pulsed Laser Deposited Titanium Nitride Thin Films

“…31 The absorbed energy at lower doses enhances the di®usion of host atoms across the grain boundaries as a result the crystallite size increases. 34 The amorphous to crystalline phase transition is also observed by Thakurdesai et al 35 when TiO 2¯l ms were irradiated with 100 MeV Ag ions at°uence from 1 Â 10 12 to 1 Â 10 13 ions/cm 2 . However, with further increase of ion dose, the crystallite size of TiN¯lm decreases.…”