Effect of Drip-Applied Herbicides on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Plasticulture

Abstract

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge. In greenhouse studies, yellow nutsedge control by halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron was greater (69 to 91%) than the nontreated control (0%). Yellow nutsedge treated with halosulfuron POST had a lower photosynthetic rate (0.6 to 22.6 µmol m−2 s−1) at 4, 7, and 14 d after treatment than the nontreated control (3.3 to 26.2 µmol m−2 s−1). Yellow nutsedge treated with trifloxysulfuron had lower photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance than the nontreated plants. In field studies at Clinton, NC, yellow nutsedge density increased from treatment (day 0) to 56 d after treatment in all treatments. Increase in yellow nutsedge density was 72 and 95% in drip-applied halosulfuron and imazosulfuron treatments compared with yellow nutsedge density increases of 876% for the same period in the nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge density increased 69 and 57% at Clinton and Kinston, NC, respectively, in the drip-applied 15 g ha−1 trifloxysulfuron treatment compared with 876% in the nontreated control. In field studies at Clinton and Kinston, NC, suppression of yellow nutsedge emergence in POST and drip-applied herbicide treatments was similar. Emergence of yellow nutsedge was similar in the imazosulfuron POST and the nontreated yellow nutsedge. Based on these studies, drip-applied herbicides may be beneficial as a part of a yellow nutsedge control program, but additional measures, such as a POST herbicide, would be needed for effective control. Drip-applied herbicides may give growers an option for herbicide application after drip irrigation tape and polyethylene mulch have been installed in the current vegetable crops. This application method would also allow herbicide treatment under plastic mulch used for multicropping systems.

Effect of anaerobic soil disinfestation amendment type and C:N ratio on Cyperus esculentus tuber sprouting, growth and reproduction

“…Alternative fumigants for control of C. esculentus are available (e.g. Devkota et al ., ), as well as soil‐ and drip‐applied herbicides (Dittmar et al ., ). Fewer options for weed control are available for speciality crops in organic production systems.…”

Tolerance of Bell Pepper to Herbicides Applied through a Drip Irrigation System

“…Herbicide treatments applied through drip irrigation tape were halosulfuron at 13, 25, and 53 g ha À1 ; imazosulfuron at 112, 224, 336 g ha À1 ; and trifloxysulfuron at 5, 11, and 16 g ha À1 . Drip-applied herbicides were applied with a tank (EZ-FLO hose and drip system with a 2.8-L tank, EZ-FLO Fertilizing Systems, Rocklin, CA) connected to the irrigation source and drip lines in a process similar to Dittmar et al (2012a). The herbicide treatment and spray dye were placed in the closed tank, the tank was filled with clear water, and the herbicide solution would flow out the line connected to the drip irrigation.…”

“…Dittmar et al (2012a) showed nutsedge emergence was reduced with halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied through the drip irrigation system compared with the nontreated control. Herbicide application through drip irrigation may increase herbicide efficacy, increase worker safety, and lower rates and costs.…”

Evaluation of Non-fumigant Pesticides as Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Managing Weeds in Vegetables

“…Halosulfuron is registered for use in cucumber [21] and is an effective herbicide that controls purple nutsedge and also reduces the number of new tubers produced [23]. However, variability in nutsedge control has been noted in multiple vegetable crops in bare soil [57][58][59] and soil under LDPE mulches [37,60,61]. Control of purple nutsedge by the trio herbicides combinations was not effective in either experiment (Tables 9 and 10, Figures 9 and 10).…”