Effect of Drinking-Water Administration of Experimental Chlorate Ion Preparations on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Colonization in Weaned and Finished Pigs

Abstract

Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella is of public health and economic significance. In order to assess the practical effectiveness of a new intervention strategy, experimental chlorate preparations (ECP) were administered via the drinking water to weaned and finished pigs that had been orally challenged the previous day with 10(9)-10(10) colony-forming units of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. After 24 or 36 h ad libitum access to 0X, 1X or 2X ECP treatment (where X is the concentration estimated to deliver a minimal daily effective dose), the pigs were euthanized and gut contents and lymph tissue collected at necropsy were cultured for the challenge Salmonella. Drinking water administration of ECP effectively reduced (p < 0.05) caecal Salmonella concentrations and, with the weaned pigs, tended (p < or = 0.10) to reduce rectal Salmonella concentrations. No negative effects of ECP treatment on water intake and animal wellbeing were observed and only marginal effects on gut fermentation characteristics occurred. The bactericidal effect of administering ECP in drinking water was relatively rapid, with reductions in caecal Salmonella concentrations occurring within 24 h. These results suggest that ECP administered to pigs just days before slaughter may reduce gut concentrations of Salmonella; however, the impacts of such reductions on slaughter hygiene have yet to be determined.

Effects of Fluorequinolone Treatment Acidified Feed, and Improved Hygiene Measures on the Occurrence of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in an Integrated Pig Breeding Herd

“…In addition to the above‐mentioned measures, the sows were fed 30 g/kg feed/sow/day Formyl ® (SODA, Monaco), which is an encapsulated mixture of formiate 66% and citrate 33%. This treatment had the potential to acidify the colon content, resulting in an inhibition of salmonellae reproduction (Fenwick and Olander, 1987; Hojberg et al., 2003; Anderson et al., 2004). The Formyl ® feed was started at day 14 antepartum and ended at weaning.…”

Tissue Distribution, Elimination, and Metabolism of Dietary Sodium [36Cl]Chlorate in Beef Cattle

“…Briefly, unlabeled sodium chlorate (0.1370 g) was weighed (Mettler AE100 balance, Mettler Instrument Corp., Heightstown, NJ), dissolved in water, and transferred to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Triplicate 4,8,12, and 16 µL aliquots of the chlorate solution were injected onto the ion chromatography system, described for the determination of radiochemical purity, and the respective peak areas were recorded. Quadruplicate injections (10 and 25 µL, respectively) of stock and formulated sodium [ 36 Cl]chlorate were made; peak areas were recorded, and the sodium [ 36 Cl]chlorate peaks were trapped into LSC vials and counted for a minimum of 10 min.…”

Evaluation of an Experimental Chlorate Product as a Preslaughter Feed Supplement to Reduce Salmonella in Meat-Producing Birds

“…Previously, our laboratory has shown that oral administration of ECP significantly reduced Salmonella colonization in the gut of pigs, broilers and turkeys (Anderson et al, 2001a(Anderson et al, ,b, 2004Byrd et al, 2003;Jung et al, 2003;Moore et al, 2006;). Drinking water or feed administration of ECP has also resulted in significant reductions of generic E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, or both in cattle and sheep gut concentrations (Anderson et al, , 2005Callaway et al, 2002Callaway et al, , 2003.…”