Effect of dopant on ferroelectric, dielectric and photocatalytic properties of chromium-doped cobalt perovskite prepared via micro-emulsion route

Optical, Photocatalytic, Electrochemical, Magnetic, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties of Cd- and Er-Doped BiFeO3 Prepared via a Facile Microemulsion Route

“…Hence, it is fair to classify BFOCE as a photocatalyst with significant oxidation capability . The simultaneous presence of dopants effectively prevents recombination of the e – /h + couples, extending the lifetime of photoactive species. ,,, The photo-generated species route for CV degradation is summarized in eqs – . …”

“…In photocatalysis, degradation takes place at the surface of the photocatalyst through an oxidative process. For efficient and cost-effective degradation, it is crucial that the photocatalysts remain active under visible light irradiation. , Different catalysts have been studied, which proved efficient for catalytic applications, i.e., metallic oxides, composites, and doped materials, ,,, and the BaFe 12 O 19 doping with different elements may also show promising photocatalytic activities. Based on aforementioned facts, a series of Cd- and Er-doped BiFeO 3 synthesized via the micro-emulsion approach and doping influence on ferroelectric, dielectric, electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties was appraised.…”

Narrow Bandgap Inorganic Ferroelectric Thin Film Materials

“…Sunlight is electromagnetic radiation from all spectrums of the sun, which includes infrared, visible, and ultraviolet, accounting for 48.3%, 43%, and 8.7%, respectively. [ 143–146 ] A clearer definition method of physical meaning is the Tauc bandgap, [ 29 ] which mainly considers the band‐band absorption coefficient the power index region, and the E g obtained from the Equation (): $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\alpha h\nu = B{{(h\nu - {E_g})}^n}}\end{array} \]$$where α is the absorption coefficient, B is a constant, hv is the photon energy, E g is the bandgap for thin film materials, n is 1/2. Considering that the bandgap of most ferroelectric oxides is in the range of 3–4 eV, they can mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet region, and the absorption utilization rate of sunlight is only about 8%.…”

“…Sunlight is electromagnetic radiation from all spectrums of the sun, which includes infrared, visible, and ultraviolet, accounting for 48.3%, 43%, and 8.7%, respectively. [143][144][145][146] A clearer definition method of physical meaning is the Tauc bandgap, [29] which mainly considers the band-band absorption [75] Copyright 2015, Elsevier. b) Structure and hysteresis loops for thin films.…”

“…Ferroelectric materials are generally considered to be wide bandgap semiconductors with bandgaps between 3.0 and 3.8 eV, [24][25][26][27][28][29] and their low absorption coefficient and photocurrent density limit the photovoltaic applications of ferroelectric materials. [30] As shown in Figure 1, photovoltaic materials with a bandgap of 1.0-1.8 eV can absorb the solar spectrum with maximum efficiency (Figure 1a,b), [31] and hexagonal ferrites (h-RFOs) with a narrow bandgap (1.1-2.0 eV) can absorb light in a very wide range of wavelengths (Figure 1c,d).…”