“…Supporting the hypothesis that the pathophysiology in the STZ-icv animal models shares huge similarities with the one in AD patients, cholinergic deficits have also been consistently found in various STZ-icv animal AD models (from newborn and adult rats to adult mice treated with STZ-icv), by demonstrating as a decrease in ChAT and an increase in AChE activity in the hippocampus, respectively (Hellweg et al 1992;Blokland and Jolles 1993;Blokland and Jolles 1994;Prickaerts et al 1999;Terwel et al 1995;Sonkusare et al 2005;Ishrat et al 2006;(Lester-Coll et al 2006; de la Monte et al 2006;Kumar et al 2010;Tota et al 2011). Importantly, AChE inhibitors tested so far, have been consistently successful in improving/preventing memory deficits in STZ-icv sAD models.…”
Section: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Cholinergic-relatementioning
confidence: 76%
“…While until now galantamine and rivastigmine have not been tested in the STZ-icv models, chronic oral administration of donepezil (1 and 3 mg/kg/day) to adult STZ-icv treated rats, dose-dependently inhibited AChE activity and improved STZ-icv induced cognitive deficits in memory tests at both doses (Sonkusare et al 2005). These effects were achieved regardless of whether the treatment began 1 week prior to, in parallel, or 13 days after the STZ-icv administration.…”
Section: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Cholinergic-relatementioning
“…Supporting the hypothesis that the pathophysiology in the STZ-icv animal models shares huge similarities with the one in AD patients, cholinergic deficits have also been consistently found in various STZ-icv animal AD models (from newborn and adult rats to adult mice treated with STZ-icv), by demonstrating as a decrease in ChAT and an increase in AChE activity in the hippocampus, respectively (Hellweg et al 1992;Blokland and Jolles 1993;Blokland and Jolles 1994;Prickaerts et al 1999;Terwel et al 1995;Sonkusare et al 2005;Ishrat et al 2006;(Lester-Coll et al 2006; de la Monte et al 2006;Kumar et al 2010;Tota et al 2011). Importantly, AChE inhibitors tested so far, have been consistently successful in improving/preventing memory deficits in STZ-icv sAD models.…”
Section: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Cholinergic-relatementioning
confidence: 76%
“…While until now galantamine and rivastigmine have not been tested in the STZ-icv models, chronic oral administration of donepezil (1 and 3 mg/kg/day) to adult STZ-icv treated rats, dose-dependently inhibited AChE activity and improved STZ-icv induced cognitive deficits in memory tests at both doses (Sonkusare et al 2005). These effects were achieved regardless of whether the treatment began 1 week prior to, in parallel, or 13 days after the STZ-icv administration.…”
Section: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Cholinergic-relatementioning
“…Administration of donepezil and FK960, a putative cognitive enhancer of piperazine derivation that is thought to enhance somatostatin release in the hippocampus, at doses found to have no effect when given alone improved learning impairments in a passive avoidance task induced by lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (Tokita et al, 2002). Additionally, repeated coadministration of donepezil and lercanidipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, improved memory impairments induced from intracerebroventicular administration of streptozotocin to a greater extent than either drug administered alone in the elevated plus maze and in a passive avoidance task (Sonkusare et al, 2005). The notion that combination therapy may be beneficial in patients with Alzheimer's disease is supported by clinical research.…”
The observations that the cannabinoid 1 (CB 1 ) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, and the selective noncompetitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), donepezil, improve performance in a variety of animal memory models, suggest that these neurochemical systems play integral roles in cognition. The present study tested whether each of these agents administered alone or in combination will prolong the duration of spatial memory. Rats were trained in a two-phase radial-arm maze procedure, consisting of acquisition and retrieval tests, which were separated by an 18 h delay. Each drug was administered 30 min before the acquisition phase, immediately after the acquisition phase, or 30 min before the retrieval test to assess acquisition/consolidation, consolidation, and retrieval mnemonic processes, respectively. Rimonabant or donepezil administered before the acquisition phase, but not immediately after acquisition or before retrieval, led to a significant decrease in the number of errors committed during the retrieval test. Combined administration of subthreshold doses of rimonabant and donepezil that had no discernable effects on performance when given alone, enhanced memory.These results taken together demonstrate that the delay radial-arm maze task is sufficiently sensitive to detect memory enhancing effects of these drugs. Moreover, these findings suggest that combined administration of subthreshold doses of rimonabant and donepezil can improve memory and may represent a novel approach to treat cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
“…Testtin sonlandırılma süresi 300 sn'dir. Bu süre içinde karanlık tarafa geçmezse yani elektrik şoku almaktan kaçı-nırsa sıçanın öğrenmesinin bozulmadığı kabul edilir (23).…”
Streptozotosin ile oluşturulan deneysel alzheimer modelinde agmatinin etkilerinin araştırılması Amaç: Alzheimer geri dönüşümsüz ve ilerleyici hafıza kaybını takiben tam demansla karakterize nörodejenaratif bir bozukluktur. Yaşlanmayla insanlarda en sık görülen demans formudur. Bu çalışmada sıçanlarda intraserebroventriküler (i.c.v) streptozotosin (STZ) ile oluşturulmuş Alzheimer modelinde agmatinin (Agm) öğrenme ve bellek fonksiyonlarına etkisi ve bu etkinin oksidatif hasar açısından mekanizması araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda Sprague-Dawley erkek sıçanlar kullanılmış, kontrol, sham opere, STZ ve STZ+Agm olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrılmışlardır. Alzheimer modeli oluşturmak için stereotaksik yöntem ile sıçanlara i.c.v olarak bilateral STZ 3 mg/kg dozda 48 saat arayla 2 defa uygulanmış ve ilk uygulamayı takiben 14 gün beklenmiştir. On beşinci günde pasif sakınma tesi ile öğrenme ve bellek fonksiyonları değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrenmesinin bozulduğu gösterilen sıçanlara 7 gün boyunca günde 2 defa 40mg/kg dozda Agm intraperitoneal (i.p.) olarak uygulanmış ve takiben aynı testler tekrarlanmıştır. Tüm gruplar davranış testleri bittikten sonra (21. günde) dekapite edilerek beyin dokuları toplanmış ve oksidatif hasarı değerlendirmek için malondialdehit (MDA), glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri ve myeloperoksidaz (MPO) aktivitesi ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular: İntraserebroventriküler STZ ile oluşturulmuş alzheimer modelinde kognitif fonksiyonlarında belirgin bozulma olduğu ve bu bozulmaya oksidatif hasarın eşlik ettiği gösterilmiştir. Agmatin tedavisi ile hem kognitif fonksiyon hem de oksidatif hasarı önlemiştir. Sonuç: Bu bulgulara dayanarak endojen bir madde olan agmatinin alheimer etyopatogenezinde önemli bir düzenleyici olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Anahtar sözcükler: Agmatin, Alzheimer, intraserebroventiküler streptozotosin, oksidatif hasar, öğrenme ve bellek
ABS TRACT
Effects of agmatine in streptozotocine induced experimental alzheimer modelObjectives: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory followed by complete dementia. Furthermore it is the commonest form of dementia affecting older people. In this study we investigated the role of agmatine (Agm) on learning and memory and on parameters of oxidative stress in intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) streptozotocin (STZ) model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Materials and Methods: We grouped rats as: naive control, sham operated, STZ and STZ+agmatine. Rats were injected bilaterally i.c.v STZ (3mg/kg) using stereotaxic frame on day 1 and 3 to induce experimental Alzheimer's disease. After 14 days from 1 st STZ injection, learning and memory impairment of rats were observed in passive avoidance. Following this test, agmatine administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) 40mg/kg twice daily for 7 days. These animals were again subjected to these behavioral tests after 7 days agmatine treatment. On the 21 st day after 1 st STZ injection all groups were sacrificed by decapitation and brain tissues were collected for oxidative stress m...
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