Effect of Disk Laser Beam Offset on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper—AISI 304 Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metals Joints

Tomčíková, Ema; Sahul, Miroslav; Pašák, Matej; Ludrovcová, Barbora; Hodúlová, Erika

doi:10.3390/met10101294

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Laser technology has been widely used in different industrial processes for many years, due to the characteristics of the laser source: high energy density, high efficiency, large temperature gradients, high repeatability of the process, and formation of a narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ) [1]. Nowadays, it is possible to find various research works on laser technologies such as laser welding [2,3], cutting [4,5], remelting [6,7], additive technologies [8,9] . .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts

Sendino¹,

Gardon²,

Lartategui

et al. 2020

Coatings

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The manufacture of multiple parts on the same platform is a common procedure in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process. The main advantage is that the entire working volume of the machine is used and a greater number of parts are obtained, thus reducing inert gas volume, raw powder consumption, and manufacturing time. However, one of the main disadvantages of this method is the possible differences in quality and surface finish of the different parts manufactured on the same platform depending on their orientation and location, even if they are manufactured with the same process parameters and raw powder material. Throughout this study, these surface quality differences were studied, focusing on the variation of the surface roughness with the angle of incidence of the laser with respect to the platform. First, a characterization test was carried out to understand the behavior of the laser in the different areas of the platform. Then, the surface roughness, microstructure, and minimum thickness of vertical walls were analyzed in the different areas of the platform. These results were related to the angle of incidence of the laser. As it was observed, the laser is completely perpendicular only in the center of the platform, whilst at the border of the platform, due to the incidence angle, it melts an elliptical area, which affects the roughness and thickness of the manufactured part. The roughness increases from values of Sa = 5.489 μm in the central part of the platform to 27.473 μm at the outer borders while the thickness of the manufactured thin walls increases around 40 μm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts

Sendino¹,

Gardon²,

Lartategui

et al. 2020

Coatings

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“…In terms of industrial applications, this technique offers flexibility and precision besides the excellent joint quality, aligned with the fast welding speed, leading to a high production rate [10,11]. In addition, the possibility to join dissimilar materials with high quality amplifies its range of implementation [12][13][14]. Similar to other welding technologies, laser technology has some limitations and disadvantages, which can be related to the high costs of equipment and its restricted requirements of operation and training, besides the precise alignment of the laser beam and the contacted faces of materials [10].…”

Section: Introduction 1descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure13. Pulsed laser weldments made of dissimilar titanium: Ti-22Al-25Nb and TA15 (A), its FZ (B) and HAZ (C)[79]; Ti6Al4V and NiTiNb (D)[80]; pure Ti and 304 stainless steel (E)[37]; Ti6Al4V and AA6060 lap joint (F), its interface (G) and crack (H)[81]; Ti6Al4V and pure Nb (I)[83]; Ti6Al4V and pure Nb (J)[82]; Ti6Al4V and 301L stainless with V interlayer (K) and its FZ (L)[84]; Ti6Al4V and 301L stainless steel with copper interlayer (M) and its weld interface (N,O)[85].…”

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confidence: 99%

Pulsed Laser Welding Applied to Metallic Materials—A Material Approach

Chludzinski

Santos

Churiaque

et al. 2021

Metals

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Joining metallic alloys can be an intricate task, being necessary to take into account the material characteristics and the application in order to select the appropriate welding process. Among the variety of welding methods, pulsed laser technology is being successfully used in the industrial sector due to its beneficial aspects, for which most of them are related to the energy involved. Since the laser beam is focused in a concentrated area, a narrow and precise weld bead is created, with a reduced heat affected zone. This characteristic stands out for thinner material applications. As a non-contact process, the technique delivers flexibility and precision with high joining quality. In this sense, the present review addresses the most representative investigations developed in this welding process. A summary of these technological achievements in metallic metals, including steel, titanium, aluminium, and superalloys, is reported. Special attention is paid to the microstructural formation in the weld zone. Particular emphasis is given to the mechanical behaviour of the joints reported in terms of microhardness and strength performance. The main purpose of this work was to provide an overview of the results obtained with pulsed laser welding technology in diverse materials, including similar and dissimilar joints. In addition, outlook and remarks are addressed regarding the process characteristics and the state of knowledge.

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“…The appearance of the new phases produces the differences between the base material (BM) and the joint, which can significantly affect the overall properties of the welded material, e.g., poor mechanical strength and fatigue [ 8 , 9 ]. Additional challenges may occur when welding the dissimilar materials because of the different physical and chemical properties of the BMs, such as thermal expansion coefficients, melting points, and mechanical properties, as well as the formation of intermetallic compounds [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The thermal cycles of welding processes cause changes in the microstructures of DP steels, leading to the formation of a fusion zone (FZ) and a heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the welded joint (WJ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded DP Steels Used in the Automotive Industry

Forouzan

Volpp

et al. 2021

Materials

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The aim of this work was to investigate the microstructure and the mechanical properties of laser-welded joints combined of Dual Phase DP800 and DP1000 high strength thin steel sheets. Microstructural and hardness measurements as well as tensile and fatigue tests have been carried out. The welded joints (WJ) comprised of similar/dissimilar steels with similar/dissimilar thickness were consisted of different zones and exhibited similar microstructural characteristics. The trend of microhardness for all WJs was consistent, characterized by the highest value at hardening zone (HZ) and lowest at softening zone (SZ). The degree of softening was 20 and 8% for the DP1000 and DP800 WJ, respectively, and the size of SZ was wider in the WJ combinations of DP1000 than DP800. The tensile test fractures were located at the base material (BM) for all DP800 weldments, while the fractures occurred at the fusion zone (FZ) for the weldments with DP1000 and those with dissimilar sheet thicknesses. The DP800-DP1000 weldment presented similar yield strength (YS, 747 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS, 858 MPa) values but lower elongation (EI, 5.1%) in comparison with the DP800-DP800 weldment (YS 701 MPa, UTS 868 MPa, EI 7.9%), which showed similar strength properties as the BM of DP800. However, the EI of DP1000-DP1000 weldment was 1.9%, much lower in comparison with the BM of DP1000. The DP800-DP1000 weldment with dissimilar thicknesses showed the highest YS (955 MPa) and UTS (1075 MPa) values compared with the other weldments, but with the lowest EI (1.2%). The fatigue fractures occurred at the WJ for all types of weldments. The DP800-DP800 weldment had the highest fatigue limit (348 MPa) and DP800-DP1000 with dissimilar thicknesses had the lowest fatigue limit (<200 MPa). The fatigue crack initiated from the weld surface.

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Effect of Disk Laser Beam Offset on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper—AISI 304 Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metals Joints

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts

The Effect of the Laser Incidence Angle in the Surface of L-PBF Processed Parts

Pulsed Laser Welding Applied to Metallic Materials—A Material Approach

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded DP Steels Used in the Automotive Industry

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