Effect of Different Wavelengths of Laser Irradiation on the Skin Cells

Cios, Aleksandra; Cieplak, Martyna; Szymański, Łukasz; Lewicka, Aneta; Cierniak, Szczepan; Stankiewicz, Wanda; Mendrycka, Mariola; Lewicki, Sławomir

doi:10.3390/ijms22052437

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The receptor compartment content was continuously stirred at 600 rpm, and the diffusion cells were maintained at 32 ± 1 • C throughout the experiment. Samples of 0.5 mL receptor fluid were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals over 24 h (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,22, and 24 h) and replaced with an equivalent volume of fresh receiver medium to maintain a constant volume. The collected samples were analyzed for Bet and Lup oleogels content by the UV spectrophotometric method, at 207 nm wavelength.…”

Section: Ex Vivo Permeation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the UVB radiation (280–320 nm) penetrates the surface layers of the epidermis, reaching at most the upper papillary dermis [ 20 , 21 ]. The UVC radiation (200–280 nm) is the least harmful radiation due to the fact that it is blocked by the ozone layer of the Earth [ 22 ]. In the first phase, the UV radiation affects mainly keratinocytes, resulting in an inflammatory effect in which the UVB radiation destroys the internal microstructure of the skin, resulting in its faster aging [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oleogel Formulations for the Topical Delivery of Betulin and Lupeol in Skin Injuries—Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation

et al. 2021

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The skin integrity is essential due to its pivotal role as a biological barrier against external noxious factors. Pentacyclic triterpenes stand as valuable plant-derived natural compounds in the treatment of skin injuries due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties. Consequently, the primary aim of the current investigation was the development as well as the physicochemical and pharmaco-toxicological characterization of betulin- and lupeol-based oleogels (Bet OG and Lup OG) for topical application in skin injuries. The results revealed suitable pH as well as organoleptic, rheological, and textural properties. The penetration and permeation of Bet and Lup oleogels through porcine ear skin as well as the retention of both oleogels in the skin were demonstrated through ex vivo studies. In vitro, Bet OG and Lup OG showed good biocompatibility on HaCaT human immortalized cells. Moreover, Bet OG exerted a potent wound-healing property by stimulating the migration of the HaCaT cells. The in ovo results demonstrated the non-irritative potential of the developed formulations. Additionally, the undertaken in vivo investigation indicated a positive effect of oleogels treatment on skin parameters by increasing skin hydration and decreasing erythema. In conclusion, oleogel formulations are ideal for the local delivery of betulin and lupeol in skin disorders.

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Section: Ex Vivo Permeation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleogel Formulations for the Topical Delivery of Betulin and Lupeol in Skin Injuries—Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation

et al. 2021

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“…Lasers are a widely used tool in industry, communication, science, medicine, and the military [ 1 ]. These monochromatic light sources have allowed for the development of many advanced technologies such as superresolution imaging or optical tweezers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm Laser Irradiation on the Dermal Cells

Szymański

Ciepielak

Cios

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Background: The invention of non-ionizing emission devices revolutionized science, medicine, industry, and the military. Currently, different laser systems are commonly used, generating the potential threat of excessive radiation exposure, which can lead to adverse health effects. Skin is the organ most exposed to laser irradiation; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm non-ionizing irradiation on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Methods: Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to a different fluency of 445 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm laser irradiation. In addition, viability, type of cell death, cell cycle distribution, and proliferation rates were investigated. Results: The 445 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta (≥58.7 J/cm2) but not to Ker-CT cells. Exposure influenced the cell cycle distribution of Ker-CT (≥61.2 J/cm2) and BJ-5ta (≥27.6 J/cm2) cells, as well as the Bj-5ta proliferation rate (≥50.5 J/cm2). The 520 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta (≥468.4 J/cm2) and Ker-CT (≥385.7 J/cm2) cells. Cell cycle distribution (≥27.6 J/cm2) of Ker-CT cells was also affected. The 638 nm irradiation was cytotoxic to BJ-5ta and Ker-CT cells (≥151.5 J/cm2). The proliferation rate and cell cycle distribution of BJ-5ta (≥192.9 J/cm2) and Ker-CT (13.8 and 41.3 J/cm2) cells were also affected. Conclusions: At high fluences, 455 nm, 520 nm, and 638 nm irradiation, representing blue, green, and red light spectra, are hazardous to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, laser irradiation may benefit the cells at low fluences by modulating the cell cycle and proliferation rate.

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“…One review discussed the effects of different wavelengths of light on skin [7]. Deleterious effects of sunlight were discussed, but the major emphasis was the benefits of laser irradiation for treatment of various skin diseases or conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%