Effect of different sources of organic matter added to the substrate on physiological parameters of clonal plants of conilon coffee

Abstract

Organic matter is a fundamental component of a substrate. However, different organic matter sources can provide different physiological responses from seedlings as a result of different types and concentrations of humic substances, which influence the functioning of the plant and the structuring of the soil. The objective of this work was to quantify photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and secondary metabolite indices in the abaxial and adaxial parts of leaves of Conilon coffee clonal plantlets grown in different sources of organic materials. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of different sources of organic matter added to the substrate: 85% soil + 15% urban waste compost; 85% soil + 15% mature cattle manure; 85% soil + 15% dairy residue; 85% soil + 15% tannery sludge; and a Control: 100% soil, without addition of organic material. The contents of chlorophylls a, b, and total, carotenoids, and their ratios were analyzed by destructive methods. Indirect measurements of nitrogen and chlorophyll (SPAD) were performed by non-destructive methods. Fluorescence indices of flavonoids, anthocyanins, total chlorophyll, and nitrogen balance were estimated using a Multiplex® sensor. The substrate added with dairy residue provided the highest chlorophyll a production in the adaxial part, which was confirmed by the SPAD index. Tannery sludge provided the highest production of flavonoids. The comparison between the two forms of evaluation showed that the abaxial part of the leaf had greater sensitivity and that the Multiplex® sensor showed higher sensitivity for detection of indices. No changes were found in plant photosynthesis. However, greater stress was detected in the treatment with tannery sludge.

Tannery Sludge Added in Commercial Substrate for Capsicum baccatum Pepper Seedlings Production

“…By the estimation equation, it was possible to observe that the highest proportion of sludge used in this experiment (80%) provided gains of 18.21 cm for plant height, 0.47 mm for stem diameter and 22.77 cm for crown diameter. Tannery sludge is rich in several important nutrients for plants, notably for the amount of nitrogen, which is an essential element needed in greater quantity, capable of directly interfering with the plant growth (Sales et al, 2018a;Berilli et al, 2019), participating directly in the formation of proteins and enzymes, chlorophyll etc. Similarly, Sales et al (2018b) identified gains for the same characteristics evaluated in this work for passion fruit seedlings with the addition of up to 50% of tannery sludge in the substrate.…”

“…Since there is a high cost involved in the use of the commercial substrates, there is need to explore other alternatives like agricultural residues that can be processed to substitute the commercial substrates or used as a complement. (Almeida al., 2017;Berrili et al, 2015;Berilli et al, 2018a;Mota et al, 2018;Chagas et al, 2019). This alternative reduces the seedling production costs, and also generates greater sustainability of agricultural and industrial activities that generate waste, which are often discarded in landfills or improper areas, causing degradation to the environment (Alves & Barbosa, 2013).…”

“…Among the industrial activities that generate income in Brazil, the tanning processing is one of the worrisome activities, due to generating waste. Although this activity generates significant profits, contributing to the economic and social development of the country, it has been a concern mainly for the significant production of residues/effluents that are produced during the bovine leather tanning process (Sales et al, 2018a). For this material to be discarded, it is often necessary for the company to rent spaces in landfills, making the production process even more costly.…”

Efeito Do Lodo De Curtume Adicionado Em Substrato Comercial Para Produção De Mudas De Pimenta Malagueta

“…Para tanto, na cadeia produtiva de hortaliças, a formação de mudas é uma das fases mais importantes para o ciclo da cultura. Essa etapa inicial influencia diretamente no desenvolvimento final da planta, tanto do ponto de vista nutricional como produtivo, existindo uma relação direta entre mudas sadias e produção a campo (OLIVEIRA et al, 2018). Neste sentido, em função das propriedade nutricionais, o lodo de curtume possui potencial de utilização em viveiros, já que pode acelerar o crescimento das mudas, reduzindo custos com aquisição de adubos convencionais.…”

Foliar fertilization in the propagation of conilon coffee in alternative substrates

“…The use of organic residues in agriculture has increasingly aroused the attention of researchers and led to increased efforts to demonstrate their effects on several species of interest, with the objective of reducing the environmental impact generated by the disposal of these materials (Restrepo et al, 2013;Sales et al, 2017). There is a strong potential for the use of industrial residues, which are strongly correlated with the growth and physiology of agricultural plants, as observed by Oberpaur et al (2012), Sales et al (2018a), Berilli et al (2018a) and Quartezani et al (2018).…”