Effect of different lead precursors on perovskite solar cell performance and stability

Aldibaja, Fadi Kamal; Badia, Laura; Mas‐Marzá, Elena; Sánchez, Rafael Sánchez; Barea, Eva M.; Mora‐Seró, Iván

doi:10.1039/c4ta06198e

Cited by 138 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Following this, the sample was dried on a hot plate. 30 Figure 3a clearly shows that the mp-TiO 2 nanoparticles formed an inter-connecting nanoparticulate network. Such a network provides a low grain boundary and a fast electron transport.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly stable and efficient solid-state solar cells based on methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite quantum dots

2015

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Easy processability and high stability are key features of methylammonium lead bromide (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 )-based perovskite solar cells. The main focus of the present work was to fabricate and evaluate the stability of CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 quantum dot (QD)-based perovskite solar cells. We used an ex situ solution process to synthesize CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 QDs and then successfully fabricated mesoscopic solid-state perovskite solar cells. We also studied the influence of different CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 QD sizes and different holetransporting materials (HTMs), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) and poly[bis (4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), on the solar cell performance. The size of the CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 QDs was controlled by the solution processing parameters. Our controlled results show that spiro-MeOTAD-and PTAA-based devices exhibited, respectively, an open-circuit voltage (V OC ) of 0.991 and 1.091 V and a current density (J SC ) of 11.68 and 12.05 mA cm − 2 , which resulted in an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.35 and 9.44% under a standard 100 mW cm − 2 illumination without masking. Our best-performing cell, which contains the FTO/Bl-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 +CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 (~2-nm QDs)/PTAA/Au configuration shows the following results: open-circuit voltage (V OC ) = 1.110 V, current density (J SC ) = 14.07 mA cm − 2 , fill factor = 0.73 and an 11.40% PCE. Furthermore, the CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 -based devices are stable for more than four months.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly stable and efficient solid-state solar cells based on methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite quantum dots

2015

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“…Therefore, optimal film morphology can only be achieved by successfully manipulating the nucleation and growth of the perovskite, thus the control of the crystallization and the kinetics of film formation during deposition and annealing are the keys to the optimization of film morphology. Previous study has been proven that the anions in the lead source determine the kinetics of perovskite crystal growth, which in turn affects the film morphology and device performance [10,13,25]. By choosing a lead source with more volatile byproducts, much smoother films with smaller and fewer pinholes can be obtained due to the reduced annealing temperature and shortened annealing time [13,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficient lead acetate sourced planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with enhanced substrate coverage via one-step spin-coating

Liu

Guo

Qiao

et al. 2016

Organic Electronics

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“…[42] In a comparative study with other lead precursors, Aldibaja et al showed that films derived from lead acetate resulted in the most homogeneous perovskite films, and a photovoltaic performance comparable to the state-of-the-art. [43] Zhang et al further optimized the use of lead acetate as a precursor and showed that ultrasmooth and pinhole-free perovskite films could be obtained with this method. With the aid of in situ GIWAXS, it was later found that the activation energies for crystallization are dependent on the lead salt, and that they influence the optimum annealing time and temperature.…”

Section: Crystallization From Lead-acetate Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

312

201

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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Effect of different lead precursors on perovskite solar cell performance and stability

Abstract: We present the use of halide (PbCl 2 ) and non-halide lead precursors (Pb(OAc) 2

Cited by 138 publications

References 43 publications

Highly stable and efficient solid-state solar cells based on methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite quantum dots

Highly stable and efficient solid-state solar cells based on methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite quantum dots

Efficient lead acetate sourced planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with enhanced substrate coverage via one-step spin-coating

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

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