“…Various test methods such as microtensile, pull-out and push-out tests can be used to evaluate the bond strength of post restorations to root dentin [27][28][29] .The microtensile test has been highly associated with large data distributions as well as numerous premature failures during sample preparation which is complex and difficult. 30,31 In the pull-out test, regional differences have no effect on the results, as enable the evaluation of the entire root length.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unlike, in the push-out test it is possible to analyze the cervical, middle, and apical root regions. 29 It is easy to prepare samples and therefore has a low standard deviation rate. The push-out test can provide a more accurate and better estimation of bonding strength because failure occurs in parallel to the bonding area as in oral condition.…”
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tribochemical surface treatment (TBC) on the push-out bond strength (PBS) of novel CAD/CAM post materials to root canal dentin.Materials and Methods: Fifty-two freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected and endodontically treated. The teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the post material used: fiber-reinforced composite post as control (FRC), zirconia (ZR), lithium disilicate (LDS), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), nano-ceramic (RMC_CE), nanoparticle-filled (RMC_LU), and polymer-infiltrated-ceramic (RMC_EN).Then the posts, except FRC, were randomly assigned into two sub-groups according to the surface treatment technique used: Control (no treatment), TBC (CoJet). Following post space preparation, posts were cemented with dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement. A total of 156 sections were obtained (n=12), 3 sections on each root of the tooth. The PBS test was performed for each slice and the results were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α=0.05). The fracture modes were examined.
Results: The lowest PBS values were obtained for ZR post groups that untreated (17.24±1.33 MPa) and tribochemical coated (23.09±2.16 MPa) (p<0.05). The highest PBS values were obtained for untreated RMC_CE (42.45±2.42 MPa) and RMC_LU (45.22±2.32 MPa) groups (p=0.215) and, tribochemical coated RMC_CE (43.55±2.63 MPa) and RMC_LU (45.38±2.59 MPa) groups (p=0.821). Significant differences were observed between the remaining post groups (p<0.05). Tbc has been significantly increased the PBS values of LDS, ZLS, and ZR post groups (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was the most common failure mode. (n=78).
Conclusion:The results of this study proved that the PBS values of the CAD/CAM RMC post groups were higher than the FRC, ZR, LDS, and ZLS post groups, and TBC increased the PBS values of all CAD/CAM post groups.
“…Various test methods such as microtensile, pull-out and push-out tests can be used to evaluate the bond strength of post restorations to root dentin [27][28][29] .The microtensile test has been highly associated with large data distributions as well as numerous premature failures during sample preparation which is complex and difficult. 30,31 In the pull-out test, regional differences have no effect on the results, as enable the evaluation of the entire root length.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unlike, in the push-out test it is possible to analyze the cervical, middle, and apical root regions. 29 It is easy to prepare samples and therefore has a low standard deviation rate. The push-out test can provide a more accurate and better estimation of bonding strength because failure occurs in parallel to the bonding area as in oral condition.…”
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tribochemical surface treatment (TBC) on the push-out bond strength (PBS) of novel CAD/CAM post materials to root canal dentin.Materials and Methods: Fifty-two freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were selected and endodontically treated. The teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the post material used: fiber-reinforced composite post as control (FRC), zirconia (ZR), lithium disilicate (LDS), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), nano-ceramic (RMC_CE), nanoparticle-filled (RMC_LU), and polymer-infiltrated-ceramic (RMC_EN).Then the posts, except FRC, were randomly assigned into two sub-groups according to the surface treatment technique used: Control (no treatment), TBC (CoJet). Following post space preparation, posts were cemented with dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement. A total of 156 sections were obtained (n=12), 3 sections on each root of the tooth. The PBS test was performed for each slice and the results were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α=0.05). The fracture modes were examined.
Results: The lowest PBS values were obtained for ZR post groups that untreated (17.24±1.33 MPa) and tribochemical coated (23.09±2.16 MPa) (p<0.05). The highest PBS values were obtained for untreated RMC_CE (42.45±2.42 MPa) and RMC_LU (45.22±2.32 MPa) groups (p=0.215) and, tribochemical coated RMC_CE (43.55±2.63 MPa) and RMC_LU (45.38±2.59 MPa) groups (p=0.821). Significant differences were observed between the remaining post groups (p<0.05). Tbc has been significantly increased the PBS values of LDS, ZLS, and ZR post groups (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was the most common failure mode. (n=78).
Conclusion:The results of this study proved that the PBS values of the CAD/CAM RMC post groups were higher than the FRC, ZR, LDS, and ZLS post groups, and TBC increased the PBS values of all CAD/CAM post groups.
Lasers are commonly used to reshape our gums during root canal procedures and to kill bacteria. Application of lasers in dentistry has been increased due to its safety and effectiveness in dental treatments. Lasers have been used as coadjuvant treatment in endodontic therapy with respect to both low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) and high-intensity laser treatment (HILT) to improve clinical procedures' success rate. The major procedures done with lasers in endodontics are dentin hypersensitivity, removal of carious tissues, tooth preparations, pulp capping or pulpotomy and also in root canal treatment.Lasers are often used to remove mouth lesions and to soothe discomfort. A thorough literature search was performed using the database like Pubmed, google scholar, BioRxiv, MESH database using the keywords 'light amplification device' and 'Endodontics' and also their types with no date and year restrictions.12 articles with similar data have been found which were analysed and have been included in this study. Talulation were done using google documents. The recent articles discussed in this study help us in gaining further knowledge about lasers and their usage in endodontics. The various methods of using lasers discussed in this article has been widely used by dental practitioners with 100% success rate. So it has been concluded that lasers are well established instruments. Upcoming research based on lasers are showing more benefits and ability to perform less invasive procedures with greater comfort of patients has led to the development of lasers in modern dentistry especially in endodontics.
“…Generally, self-adhesive resin cement is employed on dry dentin which does not necessitate etchant cleansing. However, their effectiveness in penetrating the thick smear layers during the preparation of posts might be decreased [ 11 ].…”
This study is aimed at assessing the influence of Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, and adjunctive photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the bond strength of zirconia posts to radicular dentin. Eighty extracted anterior teeth were randomly categorized into 4 groups (
n
=
20
) based on varying laser irradiation treatments, i.e., conventional cleaning and shaping (CCS), Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and aPDT group, respectively. Using a cutting machine, the samples were prepared for push-out bond strength analysis; 4 sections (2 on each apical and cervical) of around 1 mm thickness were sectioned for all roots at a right angle to the long axis of the post. After making the space for the post, they were incorporated into the root system and were subjected to different laser treatments. The universal testing machine was utilized to assess the push-out bond strength, which had a defined 1 mm/minute crosshead speed until the failure was encountered. Specimens in the aPDT group (
8.20
±
2.14
MPa) demonstrated the highest mean push-out bond strength, whereas the lowest was shown by samples in the CCS group (
7.08
±
1.11
MPa). According to the independent
t
-test, the mean push-out bond strength scores of the cervical segments were higher as compared to the apical segments in research groups (
p
<
0.05
). Overall, the adhesive type was the most frequently encountered failure mode in all of the experimental groups, with the least number of failures observed in aPDT treated teeth samples. In conclusion, the push-out bond strength to radicular dentin was not much influenced by Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and aPDT in comparison with CCS. Although statistically not significant, however, the application of aPDT provided better outcomes as compared to other research groups.
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