Effect of different East Coast fever control strategies on disease incidence in traditionally managed Sanga cattle in Central Province of Zambia

Minjauw, B.; Otte, M. J.; James, Andrew; Castro, J. J. De; Sinyangwe, PG

doi:10.1016/s0167-5877(98)00053-1

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In Zambia, apart from high treatment costs to farmers, the government spends substantial amounts of money annually for tick and tick-borne disease control, most of which is in the form of foreign exchange used for acaricide importation [17,[52][53][54][55]. Theileriosis also causes indirect economic losses.…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…No single method is likely adequate to control the complex problem of these and other TBD in Africa and elsewhere [73,112]. However, the current Zambian approach is new, based on integrated strategies that encompass the following: selection of disease and tick resistant cattle [98,99]; exploitation of enzootic stability; use of acaricides only when economically justified in relation to the direct effects of ticks on livestock production [10,19,38,51,84,85]. The major problems that affect chemotherapy as a control strategy are the difficulties encountered in the early diagnosis of the disease when chemotherapy is most likely to be active, and the high cost of the drugs, which the majority of traditional farmers cannot afford.…”

Section: Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The current status of major tick borne diseases in Zambia

Makala

Mangani²,

Fujisaki

et al. 2003

Vet. Res.

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-Tick-borne diseases occurring in Zambia are assuming more importance as they continue to be a major economic problem not only in Zambia, but in many parts of Eastern, Southern and Central Africa. The current control methods, which include the use of toxic acaricides to kill ticks, and the virulent sporozoite infection and treatment method have limitations. Recombinant vaccines, currently in their experimental stages, offer hope for the future. The use of acaricides is hampered by the development of acaricide resistance and live vaccines are dependent on cold chain facilities, which are a formidable obstacle in the poorly developed infrastructure in parts of Zambia where the vaccine is most needed. Amidst these drawbacks are the results of the recent research on parasites and vector recombinant vaccines which promise to circumvent these problems. The history, current status and attitudes regarding the control of these diseases, taking into account their complexity, are reviewed. The establishment of the well-designed Central Veterinary Research Institute (CVRI) and Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) sponsored veterinary school, both have a potential for high quality research, with access to a wealth of specimens a veritable goldmine of research material. It is thus hoped that this review will stimulate the desire to maximize the value of the tick and tick-borne disease research in both Zambia and the international research community.

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Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The current status of major tick borne diseases in Zambia

Makala

Mangani²,

Fujisaki

et al. 2003

Vet. Res.

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“…Theileria parva (T. parva) is haemoprotozoan parasite transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (R. appendiculatus), causing East Coast fever (ECF) of cattle in several African countries, including Zambia (Billiouw et al, 2002;Geysen et al, 1999;Minjauw et al, 1997). The disease causes high mortality and morbidity, and is considered to be an important constraint to the improvement of the livestock industry in Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and transmission of Theileria parva by vector tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

et al. 2006

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In order to investigate the transmission dynamics of Theileria parva (T. parva) by the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (R. appendiculatus), under experimental conditions, detection of T. parva in ticks and cattle was performed by a quantitative real-time PCR assay. A calf inoculated with a T. parva mixture became PCR-positive for T. parva infection on day 8 post-inoculation, and subsequently, nymphal ticks were introduced and maintained to feed on the infected calf for 6 days. Engorged nymphs were collected daily and allowed to molt into adults, and overall, 70.8% (121/171) of the adult ticks acquired the T. parva infection. Furthermore, the T. parva infection rate in ticks under field conditions was monitored by real-time PCR in R. appendiculatus ticks collected from a traditionally-managed pastoral land of Zambia, on which Sanga breed cattle are traditionally reared and the area has endemic East Coast fever (ECF).A total of 70 cattle were randomly selected in the same area and 67 (95.7%) were found to be serologically positive for R. appendiculatus tick antigen (RIM36). Twenty-nine (43.3%) of the 67 serologically positive cattle were real-time PCR-positive for T. parva, although no piroplasms could be detected in the blood smears. Unexpectedly, out of 614 R. appendiculatus nymphal and adult ticks collected by flagging vegetation, 4.1% were positive for T. parva DNA. However, since the rate of transmission of T. parva from infected cattle to ticks and vice versa and the serological evidence of exposure to R. appendiculatus ticks in naturally-exposed cattle were relatively high, it would be wise in such a case to consider vector control as well as vaccination against ECF as control measures.3

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“…• As for many tick-transmitted infectious diseases, the most effective prophylaxis is the eradication or control (repellents and acaricides) of the tick vector (Minjauw et al, 1998).…”

Section: Theileriosis (East Coast Fever) and Tropical Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Health: Ectoparasites

Maggi

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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Effect of different East Coast fever control strategies on disease incidence in traditionally managed Sanga cattle in Central Province of Zambia

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

The current status of major tick borne diseases in Zambia

The current status of major tick borne diseases in Zambia

Acquisition and transmission of Theileria parva by vector tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

Animal Health: Ectoparasites

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