Effect of different dispersing agents in the non-isothermal kinetics and thermomechanical behavior of PET/TiO₂ composites

Abstract

This work is based on the analysis of the influence of dispersing agents on the non-isothermal kinetics, thermomechanical behaviour and dispersing action of PET/TiO 2 nanocomposites. The influence of two montanic waxes and an amide wax used as dispersing agents in the nucleating effect of the nanoparticles is studied. The dispersing agents are the following: a) a partly saponified ester of montanic acids (PSEMA), b) an ester of montanic acids with multifunctional alcohols (MAWMA) and c) an amide wax based on N,N'-Bisstearoyl ethylenediamine (AW). The non-isothermal kinetics based on the Avrami method revealed that MAWMA and PSEMA favours the nucleating effect of the nanoparticles when are included in PET. Birefringence microscopy points out the good dispersing capacity of MAWMA and AW and the termomechanical analysis confirmed that the ester of montanic acids with multifunctional alcohols MAWMA shows the best dispersing properties and best promotes the nucleating effect of the TiO 2 nanoparticles when used for PET/TiO 2 nanocomposites production.

Obtaining of a PET-CaF2 hybrid multifilament: Non-isothermal crystallization studies

“…𝑡 1/2 evolved similarly for PET and NCP/MAWMA samples, however underneath of the rest of the composites, and it seemed that tended to keep a constant tendency at higher cooling rates. Thus, the presence of the ester wax in PET/CaF2 blends enabled a more homogeneous dispersion and more intimate mixture, resulting in a nucleating behaviour of the fluorite nanoparticles to the system, more similar to the one abserved in previous studies 11 . On the other hand, the presence of AW and PSEMA into de NCP raised 𝑡 1/2 above from the original PET up to similar levels of plain NCP.…”

“…Composite properties are closely related to the morphology and distribution of the fillers in the polymer matrix, and also to the crystallization behaviour of the polymer matrix after incorporation of fillers 8,9 . Fillers may act as a nucleating or anti-nucleating agents under certain conditions, affecting the crystallization behaviour of the material [10][11][12] . Therefore, the understanding of those parameters involving crystallization processes may be the key for the optimization of the processing conditions and the properties of the finished products.…”

“…On the other hand, crystallization behaviour of PET filled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) after addition of different dispersing agents was another study conducted by some of the authors 11 . An ester of montanic acid with multifunctional alcohols (MAWMA), a partly saponified ester of montanic acid (PSEMA), and an amide wax base on N,N'-bisstearoyl ethylenediamine (AW), were explored as dispersing agents in order to determine their suitability in the polymeric-based system.…”

Research on synthesis and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) sulfonate group containing ionomer

“…In addition, the half crystallization time of different nucleating methods were compared here (SiO 2, 12 PBT/glass fiber, 19 nanoclay, 36 TiO 2, 37 graphene, 38 Pglass, 39 PLA 40 ). The method we reported is superior to those of the traditional methods, implying the effect of sulfonate ionic aggregation (Figure 8).…”

UIO-66 as Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

“…The nucleating agent aims to implement the principle of heterogeneous nucleation by introducing foreign matters into a polymer matrix to replace the nucleation of the polymer, thereby effectively facilitating the crystallization and reducing the crystal size. Conventional inorganic nucleating agents (e.g., silica [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], titanium dioxide [ 13 ], mica [ 14 ], clay [ 15 , 16 ] and glass flask [ 17 ]) exhibit a poor compatibility with the PET matrix. Moreover, organic small molecule sodium salts’ nucleating agents (e.g., sodium benzoate [ 18 ]) may cause the degradation of the PET matrix during processing [ 19 ].…”