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Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is able to cause infections in immunocompromised patients, and the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen is complicated due to its virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm. The main goals of this study were to assess the susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates to ethanol and EDTA, and evaluating the synergistic effect of these disinfectants, and also survey the effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethanol and EDTA on the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes. Results The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the effectiveness of the ethanol and have a synergistic effect. All of the 10 XDR isolates included in the current study harbored smf-1 and rpfF genes and produced biofilm. After exposure to MIC, sub-MIC, synergism, and sub-synergism of ethanol and EDTA, the expression of smf-1 and rpfF genes was repressed significantly. Conclusion In the current study, it was indicated that the expression of biofilm-producing genes was repressed when bacteria are exposed to different concentrations of ethanol and EDTA. Future studies should include more complex microbial communities residing in the hospitals, and more disinfectants use in hospitals. Expression of other virulence genes in different conditions is suggested.
Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is able to cause infections in immunocompromised patients, and the treatment of this opportunistic pathogen is complicated due to its virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the ability of the bacteria to produce biofilm. The main goals of this study were to assess the susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates to ethanol and EDTA, and evaluating the synergistic effect of these disinfectants, and also survey the effect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethanol and EDTA on the expression of biofilm-producing smf-1, rpfF genes. Results The results showed that EDTA significantly increased the effectiveness of the ethanol and have a synergistic effect. All of the 10 XDR isolates included in the current study harbored smf-1 and rpfF genes and produced biofilm. After exposure to MIC, sub-MIC, synergism, and sub-synergism of ethanol and EDTA, the expression of smf-1 and rpfF genes was repressed significantly. Conclusion In the current study, it was indicated that the expression of biofilm-producing genes was repressed when bacteria are exposed to different concentrations of ethanol and EDTA. Future studies should include more complex microbial communities residing in the hospitals, and more disinfectants use in hospitals. Expression of other virulence genes in different conditions is suggested.
Background Dental impressions should be disinfected to stop the transmission of germs among dental workers since they provide a risk of diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two disinfectants (16 mg/ml propolis and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite) on the detail reproduction, linear dimensional change, compatibility with gypsum products, wettability, and surface roughness of addition silicon material. Methods Ninety specimens were created using Addition silicon impression material, and they were then divided into three groups at random. Ten specimens from each test group were used in each test. Utilizing apparatus made in accordance with ISO 4823:2015, detail reproduction, linear dimensional change, and compatibility with gypsum products are assessed. A digital Profilometer was uutilized to evaluate surface roughness, and a Goniometer was utilized to evaluate wettability by taking the contact angle. Before testing, the specimens were immersed for 10 minutes each in two disinfection solutions: 16 mg/ml propolis and 5.25% NaOCL. The control group received no disinfection. One-way ANOVA tests and the Kruskal-Wallis test, which was statistically significant at a level of p 0.05, were used to examine the data. Results Comparing the linear dimensional change, surface roughness, and wettability of Addition silicon specimens immersed in 16 mg/ml propolis, 5.25% NaOCL, or the control group demonstrated statistically significant differences (p< 0.05), while details reproduction and compatibility with gypsum revealed statistically no significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion Within the parameters of this study, the addition silicon can be immersed in 16 mg/ml propolis for 10 min. to disinfect it without compromising its dimensional accuracy, detail reproduction, compatibility with gypsum products, surface roughness, or wettability.
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