“…The flame generated is not completely developed and is interrupted by the water tubes stopping the reactions and contributing to enhance CO emissions; this effect is more pronounced for colder tubes. The maximum temperature reached varies from approximately 1,500 to 1,600 °C, which are typical values for this type of combustion system, as demonstrated in previous works [15,16]. While some tubes are touched by the flame, others are shielded and are reached by cooled gases.…”