Effect of Different Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on the Quality of the Chemical Bond of Glass Ionomer Cement Dentine in Primary Teeth

Abstract

Background: The nanotechnologies have been applied for dental restorative materials manufacturing such as glass ionomer cement, composites, tooth regeneration, and endodontic sealers. The study aimed to investigate the chemical bond of conventional glass ionomer cement and to evaluate the addition of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the quality of the chemical bond of glass ionomer cement to primary dentin.Methods: Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) powder was added in concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% to the conventional powder of GIC Fuji II. Then, the powder was added to the liquid and mixed with the recommended powder/liquid ratio of 3.6:1 g. The Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) of teeth with 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% w/w of silver nanoparticles in GIC fills and the control tooth were obtained. The conventional glass ionomer was used as a control group. The control and the plain silver tooth were subjected to FTIR analysis using an ATR–FTIR spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) with zinc selenide (ZnSe) ATR crystal (attenuated total reflection) and OPUS v7.5 software. All spectra were recorded in the range of 500–3,500 cm−1 in the transmission mode with an ATR module.Results: The AgNPs added at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% concentration to GIC provided some information in the context of bond interaction with the dentin. Various bond peaks were seen for calcium, carbonate, phosphate, and amide. In our study, only the amide and phosphate were generated. The amide peaks were almost similar to the control, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%, with the peaks in the range of 1250–1650 cm−1. There was a clear shift in the phosphate peak from the control, 0.2, and 0.4%, which was about 1050 cm−1, whereas for 0.6%, there was a clear shift from 1050 cm−1 to 880 cm−1.Conclusion: GIC supplemented with AgNPs showed that a concentration above 0.4% of AgNPs altered the bond quality in dentin interaction. In conclusion, adding AgNPs at a minimal level improves the mechanical properties and maintains the same bond quality as GIC.

Effect of the Addition of Varying Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on the Fluoride Uptake and Recharge of Glass Ionomer Cement

“…The fluoride release characteristics of glass ionomer have been investigated in several studies [24,[28][29][30]. These studies clearly showed that the fluoride release characteristics of glass ionomers were inversely proportional to the number of fillers added regardless of their type [24,31]. These findings are in agreement with the results observed in the present study and the authors found that the higher the concentration of silver nanoparticles was, the lower the amount of fluoride released was.…”

“…However, the relationship between the amount of fluoride inside each cement and the ability of this cement to release the fluoride inside is still not well understood. It was found that three main mechanisms can explain fluoride release from glass ionomers, including the diffusion of ions through pores by superficial rinsing; microfractures on the surface, which enable fluoride ion leaching; and, finally, the mass diffusion concept [31,32].…”

Incorporation of Nanomaterials in Glass Ionomer Cements—Recent Developments and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

“…More than that, the long-term efficiency of the CuNP/antibiotic composite seems superior to that of the AgNP/antibiotic composite, suggesting a prolonged effect; in our opinion, this is due to the phytoconstituents acting as capping agents for the NPs. The concentration of NPs in the final composite must be carefully selected, as a higher concentration could alter the bond quality with dentin interaction, as demonstrated by Abed et al [ 45 ].…”

“… NPs, Ref. NPs Characteristics GIC Experimental Study Findings CuNP [ 44 ] Phytosynthesized using Thymus vulgaris extract, spherical, 10-25 nm GC Fuji IX GP ® (type II ii ) 0.5% NPs, respectively 0.5% NPs + 1.5% metronidazole in GIC, antimicrobial effect tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans ; compressive strength measurements Addition of CuNPs enhanced antimicrobial properties, while not affecting the mechanical properties: IZ = 20/29 mm ( S. aureus), 19/26 mm ( S. mutans ) after 1 day, 15/19 mm ( S. aureus), 13/18 mm ( S. mutans ) after 1 month; CS = 44.2/43.9 MPa AgNP [ 44 ] Commercially available, 20–50 nm Addition of AgNPs led to superior antimicrobial properties compared with other variants (including CuNPs), while not affecting the mechanical properties: IZ = 24/30 mm ( S. aureus), 20/27 mm ( S. mutans ) after 1 day, 16/18 mm ( S. aureus), 14/17 mm ( S. mutans ) after 1 month; CS = 45.9/45.0 MPa AgNP [ 45 ] Commercially available, under 100 nm GC Fuji II GP ® (type II ii ) 0.2, 0.4, respectively 0.6%NPs in GIC, evaluation of the quality of the chemical bond of GIC to primary dentin by FTIR Concentrations above 0.4% AgNP in GIC altered the bond quality with dentin interaction; addition of AgNPs at low level improves the mechanical properties while maintaining the bond quality AgNP [ 46 ] Phytosynthesized using Cupressus macrocarpa extract, spherical, 13.5–25.8 nm GC Fuji IX GP ® (type II ii ) 0.5%NPs, respectively 0.5%NPs + amoxicillin in GIC, antimicrobial effect tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans ; co...…”

Penetration and Adaptation of the Highly Viscous Zinc-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement on Contaminated Fissures: An In Vitro Study with SEM Analysis

“…The results of the study must be observed along with some limitations, as it is an in vitro study. In vitro studies are useful to explain some conditions of materials separate from when they are exposed in the oral cavity [42,43]. Therefore, the results cannot be extrapolated to clinical practice, since multiple factors are acting simultaneously on the dental materials.…”