Effect of Different Combinations of Dietary Vitamin A, Protein Levels, and Monensin on Inflammatory Markers and Metabolites, Retinol-Binding Protein, and Retinoid Status in Periparturient Dairy Cows

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding different combinations of dietary vitamin A supplementation (0 or 110 IU/kg body weight), protein (10.3% or 12.2%), and an ionophore (monensin at 0 or 400 mg/day) on retinoid metabolism and immune function of dairy cows. Eighty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were studied from d −35 to +21 relative to expected parturition in a complete randomized block design with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The significance of treatments was declared at p ≤ 0.05. Dairy cows receiving high crude protein (CP) diets with monensin had a greater retinol-binding protein serum concentration than cows receiving high CP diets without monensin (p = 0.04). Animals supplemented with vitamin A showed lower SCC (p = 0.04) and a higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration (p = 0.06) than cows non-supplemented. Moreover, cows receiving low crude protein diets had a greater haptoglobin concentration (p = 0.01). In addition, cows fed a high crude protein diet had a greater TNF-α expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p = 0.04). Animals fed diets without monensin had a greater serum haptoglobin on day 3 postpartum than those fed monensin (p = 0.01). Moreover, dietary vitamin A increased serum 13-cis retinoic acid postpartum. We conclude that vitamin A, crude protein levels, and monensin fed during the close-up period affect milk somatic cell count, some vitamin statuses, and inflammatory markers during early lactation.

Effect of controlled-release monensin on automatically registered body condition score, milk β-hydroxybutyrate, milk yield and milk lactate dehydrogenase in fresh dairy cows

“…Monensin modulates the rumen microbiome, leading to more propionate production and providing more energy to the animal since propionate increases hepatic gluconeogenesis (Ipharraguerre and Clark 2003) and reduces the ketone body (Scharen et al 2017) in blood circulation, indicating a reduction in lipolysis (Agustinho et al 2021) The increase in ruminal propionate could be accompanied by a reduction in the amount of methane produced in the rumen and an increase in blood glucose concentration (Nagaraja et al 1997). This study confirmed that monensin reduces BHB concentration in blood serum.…”

Enhancing bovine immune, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses with vitamins, rumen-protected amino acids, and trace minerals to prevent periparturient mastitis

“…In the field of bovine veterinary medicine, the pivotal role of mineral deficiencies in modulating the immune system should not be underestimated. Recent investigations have elucidated that the provision of micronutrient supplements has demonstrably reduced the count of milk somatic cells (SCC), bolstered immune function, and elicited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses in dairy cattle during the periparturient period ( 69 , 70 ). Extensive research has shown that these deficiencies can lead to immunosuppression, making the animals more susceptible to infectious diseases such as mastitis ( 42 ).…”

A fluorogenic sensor forin situtracking of viscosity in response to cellular inflammatory stress

“…Therefore, these two drugs were selected to stimulate cells to induce microenvironmental changes. [28][29][30] In this experiment, probe-incubated bare cells served as a control group. For the experimental group, two groups of cells were first incubated with monensin and nystatin for 1 h, and then the VisP was added to continue to incubate the cells for imaging with the same parameters.…”