Effect of different acceptors on N-hexyl carbazole moiety for dye-sensitized solar cells: design, characterization, molecular structure, and DSSC fabrications

Summary In the present context of increasing population, renewable and sustainable energy alternatives are very much essential to satisfy the necessities of the world. To satisfy this growing demand, scientists are prioritizing the production of cost‐effective and high‐performance clean energy appliances. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one such material that is at the forefront of modern solar cell technologies. Being one of the main components of DSSCs, metal‐free organic dyes play a crucial role in light processing and electron injection. In recent times, carbazole (CZ)‐, triphenylamine (TPA)‐, and phenothiazine (PTZ)‐based derivatives have been identified as suitable alternatives to Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes because they are easy to synthesize and exhibit excellent thermal and electronic properties. This review focuses largely on the latest developments in the use of monoanchored and multianchored CZ, TPA, and PTZ scaffolds for DSSC applications and focuses especially on the correlation between molecular design and photovoltaic performance. The physical properties of devices can be adjusted through the sensitizer's strategic design that helps to improve the performance of the devices. We tabulated the photovoltaic parameters corresponding to all dyes presented in this review. Also, applications of additives are presented after the systematic review on CZ‐, TPA‐, and PTZ‐based dyes.

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“…Abusaif et al 95 synthesized three dyes having the CZ unit as donor 87 , 88 , and 89 . Among them, 88 displayed the highest efficiency of 1.41%.…”

Section: Recent Developments In Cz‐based Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in metal‐free organic sensitizers derived from carbazole, triphenylamine, and phenothiazine for dye‐sensitized solar cells

et al. 2021

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“…Because of these limitations, researchers attracted towards the metal-free organic dyes for the DSSCs which have the advantages like easier design synthesis of organic dye, cheap, efficient light-harvesting capabilities, and also its conversion efficiency is comparable to that of polypyridyl ruthenium dye. 28,29 Metal-free dyes can be modelled by introducing donor moieties like triarylamine, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] carbazole, [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and phenothiazine. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Maximum efficiency of 14.3% was noted in the DSSC which was constructed with carbazole-based LEG4 + ADEKA-1 as a sensitizer, Co 3+/2+ as a redox pair, and Au/GNP as a counter electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The improved performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells using co‐sensitization and polymer gel electrolyte

Selvakumar

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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To investigate the photovoltaic capabilities as a sensitizer and co-sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a new metal-free organic dye (CDIB) was synthesized. In addition, different concentrations of 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid (IL) doped poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) gel polymer electrolytes are prepared and the high conductive electrolyte is used to fabricate the devices. The device having CDIB sensitizer and IL-15% electrolyte showed an efficiency of 1.86%. Further, the effect of CDIB co-sensitization on Z907 is examined. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of DSSC with co-sensitized dye is raised by 23.29%, from 4.55 to 5.61%, when compared to DSSCs with individual dyes. This improvement is mostly due to an increase in a short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage. Highlights• Co-sensitization is being used to enhance the performance of DSSCs.• Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-based gel polymer electrolytes doped with different amounts of 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide were prepared for improving the conductivity of electrolyte.• A co-sensitized DSSC has an efficiency of 5.61%.• With co-sensitization, both V OC and J SC increased significantly.

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“…To date, high-efficiency DSSCs use TiO 2 nanoparticles in their various forms due to their unique properties and advantages such as high porosity, absorption of the dye, electron transport, and charge transfer. The sensitizers must be containing functional groups for stable adsorption onto the nanocrystalline TiO 2 thin films. − Several research attempts have been proposed for the preparation of TiO 2 thin-film electrodes for DSSCs such as chemical vapor deposition, microwave hydrothermal methods, doctor blade, and/or spin coating techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and Fast Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Methods of Nanocrystalline TiO₂ and rGO Materials for Low-Cost Metal-Free DSSC Applications

et al. 2022

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Nanocrystalline TiO 2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) materials have been synthesized by a simple and low-cost microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as photoactive and metal-free counter electrodes, respectively. Different TiO 2 nanocrystalline materials have been synthesized via the acid hydrolysis sol–gel method, followed by microwave hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C and 300 psi and at different microwave irradiation times (20, 30, 45, and 60 min) instead of the usual hydrothermal time of 12 h. The properties of the produced mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO 2 are investigated in terms of their morphology, crystal structure, optical properties, and surface area behavior using relevant characterization techniques. Maximum specific surface area values ( S BET ) of 97.77 and 100.7 m 2 g –1 are measured for TiO 2 , with the average crystallite sizes of 18.6 and 17.5 nm, at microwave irradiation times of 30 and 45 min, respectively. Different rGO samples have been prepared by the modified Hummers method, followed by microwave-assisted reduction at a temperature of 200 °C and pressure of 300 psi at different microwave irradiation times (3, 17, and 25 min). The physicochemical properties of the different rGO samples in terms of morphology, crystallization, and optical properties are characterized by TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The current density J sc of the fabricated DSSCs based on TiO 2 as the photoelectrode and rGO as the counter electrode compared with DSSCs based on Pt as the counter electrode is found to be 11.25 and 9.28 mA cm –2 , respectively. Although the overall power efficiency of the fabricated DSSCs based on rGO as the counter electrode is lower than that based on the Pt electrode, the former still exhibits promising prospects for replacing Pt with low-cost metal-free carbon-based DSSCs.

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Effect of different acceptors on N-hexyl carbazole moiety for dye-sensitized solar cells: design, characterization, molecular structure, and DSSC fabrications

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Recent developments in metal‐free organic sensitizers derived from carbazole, triphenylamine, and phenothiazine for dye‐sensitized solar cells

Recent developments in metal‐free organic sensitizers derived from carbazole, triphenylamine, and phenothiazine for dye‐sensitized solar cells

The improved performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells using co‐sensitization and polymer gel electrolyte

Simple and Fast Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Methods of Nanocrystalline TiO₂ and rGO Materials for Low-Cost Metal-Free DSSC Applications

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Effect of different acceptors on N-hexyl carbazole moiety for dye-sensitized solar cells: design, characterization, molecular structure, and DSSC fabrications

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Recent developments in metal‐free organic sensitizers derived from carbazole, triphenylamine, and phenothiazine for dye‐sensitized solar cells

Recent developments in metal‐free organic sensitizers derived from carbazole, triphenylamine, and phenothiazine for dye‐sensitized solar cells

The improved performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells using co‐sensitization and polymer gel electrolyte

Simple and Fast Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Methods of Nanocrystalline TiO2 and rGO Materials for Low-Cost Metal-Free DSSC Applications

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Simple and Fast Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Methods of Nanocrystalline TiO₂ and rGO Materials for Low-Cost Metal-Free DSSC Applications