Effect of Dietary Yeast Chromium and l-Carnitine on Lipid Metabolism of Sheep

Zhou, Bo; Wang, Hongwei; Luo, Guangying; Niu, Ruiyan; Wang, Jundong

doi:10.1007/s12011-013-9790-9

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Urea nitrogen is one of the final products of the protein metabolism in vivo, which can be used to determine the storage of nitrogen. The group supplementation with CY reduced the level of serum UN, TG and TCHO, which was confirmed in the experiment of Zhou (Zhou, Wang, Luo, Niu, & Wang, ). Similarly, Rakhmawati et al () found that TG levels in serum of red tilapia decreased after the addition of CY to feed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of chromium yeast, tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance, digestion and metabolism ofChanna argus

Hou

Yao

et al. 2018

Aquac Res

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A 60-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of chromium yeast (CY), tributyrin (TB) and bile acid (BA) on the snakehead (Channa argus). The control (CT) group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed 200 mg/kg CY (concentration: 1,000 mg/kg), 2.5 g/kg TB (purity: 45%) or 1 g/kg BA (purity: 30%) in addition to the basal diet. The addition of CY, TB and BA statistically increased the weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, whereas the feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). When compared with the CT group, TB elevated the serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity; and BA reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents significantly (p < 0.05). The three feed additives reduced intestinal malonaldehyde (MDA) levels dramatically. Tributyrin significantly enhanced intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities (p < 0.05). The activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase in the group fed CY was significantly lower than in the CT group. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of the three additives enhanced growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation of CY affected protein, glucose and lipid metabolism. Diets with TB levels improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. The addition of BA improved glycolipid metabolism. K E Y W O R D Sbile acid, chromium yeast, growth performance, snakehead, tributyrin

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Effects of chromium yeast, tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance, digestion and metabolism ofChanna argus

Hou

Yao

et al. 2018

Aquac Res

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“… Item Diet Dose of yeast Response Source Santa Ines lambs F:C was 40:60 4.87%, 9.73%, and 14.60% inactive dry yeast of diets The subcutaneous fat thickness decreased; meat crude protein and ash increased Rufino et al. (2013) Lambs F:C was 60:40 300 μg yeast-Cr/kg of diet Decreased serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels Zhou et al. (2013) Awassi lambs and Shami goat kids High concentrate diet 12.6 g yeast/kg of diet No effects on growth performance of both lambs and goat kids; increased fat content in the carcass Titi et al.…”

Section: Growth Performance and Quality Of Ruminant Products Following Yeast Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other reported effects of yeast that could be linked to meat quality include the reduction of serum cholesterol and carcass fat deposition. In lambs, chromium-yeast supplementation has been effective in decreasing the level of blood cholesterol and carcass fat deposition ( Zhou et al., 2013 ), and inactive dry yeast was found to reduce the subcutaneous fat thickness and increase the crude protein percentage of the meat ( Rufino et al., 2013 ). Furthermore, the addition of yeast to the diets of bulls did not affect the level of intramuscular fat or cholesterol composition; however, there was a significant reduction in backfat thickness and an increase in the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood ( Geng et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Growth Performance and Quality Of Ruminant Products Following Yeast Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of yeast on rumen fermentation, growth performance and quality of products in ruminants: A review

Amin

Mao

2021

Animal Nutrition

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This review aims to give an overview of the efficacy of yeast supplementation on growth performance, rumen pH, rumen microbiota, and their relationship to meat and milk quality in ruminants. The practice of feeding high grain diets to ruminants in an effort to increase growth rate and weight gain usually results in excess deposition of saturated fatty acids in animal products and increased incidence of rumen acidosis. The supplementation of yeast at the right dose and viability level could counteract the acidotic effects of these high grain diets in the rumen and positively modify the fatty acid composition of animal products. Yeast exerts its actions by competing with lactate-producing ( Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus ) bacteria for available sugar and encouraging the growth of lactate-utilising bacteria ( Megasphaera elsdenii ). M. elsdenii is known to convert lactate into butyrate and propionate leading to a decrease in the accumulation of lactate thereby resulting in higher rumen pH. Interestingly, this creates a conducive environment for the proliferation of vaccenic acid-producing bacteria ( Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens ) and ciliate protozoa, both of which have been reported to increase the ruminal concentration of trans -11 and cis -9, trans -11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at a pH range between 5.6 and 6.3. The addition of yeast into the diet of ruminants has also been reported to positively modify rumen biohydrogenation pathway to synthesise more of the beneficial biohydrogenation intermediates ( trans - 11 and cis - 9, trans - 11). This implies that more dietary sources of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid along with beneficial biohydrogenation intermediates ( cis -9, trans -11-CLA, and trans -11) would escape complete biohydrogenation in the rumen to be absorbed into milk and meat. However, further studies are required to substantiate our claim. Therefore, techniques like transcriptomics should be employed to identify the mRNA transcript expression levels of genes like stearoyl-CoA desaturase , fatty acid synthase, and elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 in the muscle. Different strains of yeast need to be tested at different doses and viability levels on the fatty acid profile of animal products as well as its vaccenic acid and rumenic acid composition.

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“…Also, fat deposition tends to increase with increasing temperature in sheep ( Degen and Young, 2002 ) which may be related to decreased lipid mobilization as a result of hyperinsulinemia as reported in HS cattle ( O'Brien et al., 2010 ). Dietary Cr can decrease plasma insulin concentrations ( Zhou et al., 2013 ) so may reduce the effects of HS on hyperinsulinemia during maintaining normal insulin action. However, there are no studies investigating the effect of dietary nCrPic on the ability of sheep to counter HS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary nano chromium picolinate can ameliorate some of the impacts of heat stress in cross-bred sheep

et al. 2021

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Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of nano chromium picolinate (nCrPic) during heat stress (HS) in sheep. In the initial study, 36 Merino × Poll cross-bred sheep were individually penned and allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0, 400 and 800 μg/kg nCrPic) for 8 wk. Body composition was determined at the beginning and end of the experiment using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The sheep remained in their dietary groups but were then placed in metabolic cages and randomly allocated within the dietary group to differing ambient temperature regimes, i.e., thermo-neutral (TN) ( n = 18) and HS ( n = 18), for 3 wk. Dietary nCrPic had no effect on growth performance and body composition during the initial study conducted under TN conditions. Heat stress decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) ( P = 0.002) whereas sheep under HS had reduced average daily gain (ADG) and indeed lost weight ( P < 0.001). Dietary nCrPic increased both ADFI ( P = 0.041) and ADG ( P = 0.049) under both TH and HS conditions such that the performance of sheep receiving supplemental nCrPic and exposed to HS was similar to that of control sheep maintained under TN conditions. Heat stress increased rectal temperature ( P < 0.001) and respiration rate ( P < 0.001), particularly during the hottest parts of the day as indicated by interactions ( P < 0.001) between time of day and thermal treatment. Rectal temperature was lower in sheep fed nCrPic ( P = 0.050), particularly under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and time of day ( P < 0.001) and dietary nCrPic, thermal treatment and time of day ( P = 0.010). Similarly, respiration rate was lower in sheep fed nCrPic under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and thermal treatment ( P < 0.001) and dietary nCrPic and time of day ( P = 0.030). In conclusion, dietary nCrPic can partially ameliorate the negative effects of HS as indicated by the maintenance of ADFI and decreased physiological responses, such as elevations in rectal temperature and respiration rate.

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Effect of Dietary Yeast Chromium and l-Carnitine on Lipid Metabolism of Sheep

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of chromium yeast, tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance, digestion and metabolism ofChanna argus

Effects of chromium yeast, tributyrin and bile acid on growth performance, digestion and metabolism ofChanna argus

Influence of yeast on rumen fermentation, growth performance and quality of products in ruminants: A review

Dietary nano chromium picolinate can ameliorate some of the impacts of heat stress in cross-bred sheep

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