Effect of dietary sugars on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus – a pilot study

Abstract

ResumoIntrodução: O consumo frequente de açucares e a presença de Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus sobrinus estão correlacionados com maior experiência de cárie. Objetivo: Elucidar o efeito de diferentes carboidratos fermentáveis na biomassa e acidogenicidade de biofilmes formados por S. mutans e S. sobrinus. Material e método: Biofilmes única e dupla-espécie de S. mutans ATCC 25175 e S. sobrinus ATCC 27607 em concentrações iguais cresceram no fundo de placas de microtitulação por 24 h a 37 °C em microaerofilia. Maltose, sacarose, glicose e lactose foram adicionados a 2%. BHI caldo (0.2% glicose) foi usado como controle negativo. Acidogenicidade foi avaliada por meio da medição do pH do meio de cultura após 24 h, imediatamente após troca de meio e nas próximas 1 h e 2 h. Coloração por cristal violeta foi usada como indicador do total de biomassa aderida, após 24 h de incubação. Os dados foram analisados por teste ANOVA two way e Teste de Bonferroni. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultado: Todos os carboidratos resultaram em maior formação de biomassa em ambos os tipos de biofilme (única ou dupla-espécie), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Sacarose, lactose e maltose mostraram maior acidogenicidade que o grupo controle após 24 h nos biofilmes única ou dupla-espécie, apenas após 24 h. Conclusão: Os achados indicam que o tipo de biofilme (única ou dupla-espécie) e o tipo de carboidrato usado podem influenciar tanto na quantidade de biomassa formada quanto na taxa de redução do pH.Descritores: Biofilme; biomassa; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus. AbstractIntroduction: Frequent consumption of sugars and the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are correlated with higher caries experience. Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to elucidate the effect of different fermentable carbohydrates on biomass formation and acidogenicity of S. mutans and S. sobrinus biofilms. Material and method: Single and dual-species biofilms of S. mutans ATCC 25175 and S. sobrinus ATCC 27607 were grown at the bottom of microtiter plates at equal concentrations for 24 h at 37 °C under micro-aerobic atmosphere. Carbohydrates were added at 2% concentration: maltose, sucrose, glucose and lactose. BHI Broth (0.2% glucose) was used as negative control. Acidogenicity was assessed by measuring the pH of spent culture medium after 24 h, immediately after refreshing the culture medium and for the next 1 h and 2 h. Crystal violet staining was used as an indicator of the total attached biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Significance level was set at 5%. Result: All carbohydrates resulted in higher biomass formation in single-and dual-species biofilms when compared to the control group. Sucrose, lactose and maltose showed higher acidogenicity than the control group in both single-and dual-species biofilms after 24 h. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the type of biofilm (single-or dual-species) and the carbohydrate use...

Antagonism of Bacteria from Dog Dental Plaque against Human Cariogenic Bacteria

“…S. mutans also shows greater release of acid when compared to other bacteria of the genus Streptococcus [ 1 ]. Therefore, the reduction of S. mutans levels in the plaque microbiota could become a desirable strategy for the prevention and treatment of the disease [ 9 ].…”

“…The aetiology of caries disease involves Streptococcus mutans , an acidophilic and acidogenic microorganism important in the production of acid in human dental plaque [ 7 , 8 ]. The presence of S. mutans and the frequent consumption of sugars are directly correlated with a higher prevalence and incidence of caries [ 9 ].…”

“…The species of Streptococcus present in the dental plaque of dogs could perform this same mechanism against S. mutans in the dental plaque of humans [ 1 , 12 ]. Numerous lactic acid bacteria are consistently found in the dental plaque of dogs; many of these have the capacity to produce bacteriocins against similar bacteria in order to establish their colonization sites [ 7 – 9 ]. This ability to inhibit target strains is potentially useful in food preservation and the production of alternative antimicrobial therapeutic agents for diseased sites [ 15 – 18 ].…”

“…However, the continuous use of this product in the oral cavity has numerous side effects, including burning in the oral cavity, ulcerations in the jugal mucosa, darkening of the dental enamel, and loss of taste [ 4 , 19 – 21 ]. Consequently, there has recently been increased interest in the development of new antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents with potential for incorporation into oral products that control cariogenic microbiota [ 1 , 4 , 9 , 17 , 22 – 26 ].…”