Effect of Dietary Selenium Sources in Racing Pigeons and their Effect on Antioxidant Markers During Flying Effort

Zigo, František; Takáč, Ladislav; Zigová, Martina; Takáčová, Jana

doi:10.15406/ijawb.2017.02.00035

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Interestingly, daily flight by Zebra Finches over 1.5 months increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system (Cooper-Mullin et al, 2019). Furthermore, the inclusion of dietary precursors for these enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., selenium for GPx) can increase the activity of the enzyme during flight (Zigo et al, 2017). The common theme that emerges from these studies is that the activity of enzymatic antioxidants rapidly changes during bird flight, but the extent of these changes is related to the availability of dietary antioxidants and the response of other components of the antioxidant system.…”

Section: Does Flight Deplete Antioxidant Capacity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Birds During Migration Maintain (Oxidative) Balance

et al. 2021

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Animals dynamically adjust their physiology and behavior to survive in changing environments, and seasonal migration is one life stage that demonstrates these dynamic adjustments. As birds migrate between breeding and wintering areas, they incur physiological demands that challenge their antioxidant system. Migrating birds presumably respond to these oxidative challenges by up-regulating protective endogenous systems or accumulating dietary antioxidants at stopover sites, although our understanding of the pre-migration preparations and mid-migration responses of birds to such oxidative challenges is as yet incomplete. Here we review evidence from field and captive-bird studies that address the following questions: (1) Do migratory birds build antioxidant capacity as they build fat stores in preparation for long flights? (2) Is oxidative damage an inevitable consequence of oxidative challenges such as flight, and, if so, how is the extent of damage affected by factors such as the response of the antioxidant system, the level of energetic challenge, and the availability of dietary antioxidants? (3) Do migratory birds ‘recover’ from the oxidative damage accrued during long-duration flights, and, if so, does the pace of this rebalancing of oxidative status depend on the quality of the stopover site? The answer to all these questions is a qualified ‘yes’ although ecological factors (e.g., diet and habitat quality, geographic barriers to migration, and weather) affect how the antioxidant system responds. Furthermore, the pace of this dynamic physiological response remains an open question, despite its potential importance for shaping outcomes on timescales ranging from single flights to migratory journeys. In sum, the antioxidant system of birds during migration is impressively dynamic and responsive to environmental conditions, and thus provides ample opportunities to study how the physiology of migratory birds responds to a changing and challenging world.

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Section: Does Flight Deplete Antioxidant Capacity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Birds During Migration Maintain (Oxidative) Balance

et al. 2021

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“…European robins caught during flight also had higher levels of GPx activity compared with birds resting on stopover (Jenni-Eiermann et al, 2014). The rapid up-and downregulation of GPx activity during flight and after rest suggests that maintaining high levels of GPx may be costly, perhaps as a result of the selenium co-factors needed for GPx synthesis and function (Cockell et al, 1996;Franson et al, 2011;Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2007;Zigo et al, 2017). Broiler chicks reared under constant cold conditions (12-14°C), and therefore unable to rest, increased oxygen requirements by 185%, and had higher GPx activity initially (<3 weeks) followed by a decrease (>3 weeks) (Pan et al, 2005), further supporting the idea that maintaining up-regulated GPx activity was too costly after a certain amount of time.…”

Section: Hypothesis 1training Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help?

Cooper-Mullin

Carter

McWilliams

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The acute effects of an energy-intensive activity such as exercise may alter an animal's redox homeostasis, although these short-term effects may be ameliorated by chronic exposure to that activity, or training, over time. Although well documented in mammals, how energy-intensive training affects the antioxidant system and damage by reactive species has not been investigated fully in flight-trained birds. We examined changes to redox homeostasis in zebra finches exposed to energy-intensive activity (60 min of perch-to-perch flights twice a day), and how exercise training over many weeks affected this response. We measured multiple components of the antioxidant system: an enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured by the OXY-adsorbent test) as well as a measure of oxidative damage (d-ROMs). At no point during the experiment did oxidative damage change. We discovered that exposure to energy-intensive exercise training did not alter baseline levels of GPx, but induced exercise-trained birds to maintain a higher non-enzymatic antioxidant status as compared with untrained birds. GPx activity was elevated above baseline in trained birds immediately after completion of the second 1 h flight on each of the three sampling days, and non-enzymatic antioxidants were acutely depleted during flight after 13 and 44 days of training. The primary effect of exercise training on the acute response of the antioxidant system to 2 h flights was increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system of birds that reduced oxidative damage associated with exercise.

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“…This leads to substantial exhaustion of birds and, consequently, increases their susceptibility to various diseases. [3][4][5] The diseases that affect pigeons are divided in to contagious diseases and non contagious diseases. Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are the main causes for contagious diseases while non-contagious diseases are resulted from the absence of proper nutrients as well as poisonous elements in the food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJAWB

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Carrier pigeons are highly valued for their outstanding orientation skills and high performance that they display during races. The breeding of the carrier pigeon is very important for these reasons. Increased stress and short time for regeneration during the race are an important factors that significantly affects the health of racing pigeons and their composition of bacterial microflora. The aim of this study were to observe the health status and changes in bacterial microflora of 80 racing pigeons in age 1.5 -4 years originated from holding on west of Slovakia, which for three months completed eighteen races at a distance of 120 -1150 km. At the beginning and at the end of the race season were taken the samples of swabs from cloaca and oropharynx. Comparing the most common diseases of pigeons, were found an increased incidence of coccidiosis (52.2%), trichomoniasis (31.9%), and respiratory syndrome (7.2%) after the race season. The enterococcal and streptococcal intestinal flora of pigeons during the race season was dominated and composed of mainly host specific bacteria by Ent. faecalis, Ent. faecium, Ent. columbae, E. coli, Str. gallolyticus and Str. faecalis. Results are showing that also despite increased percentage of cultivation opportune pathogens, especially coagulase negative and positive staphylococci and increased prevalence of coccidiosis, trichomoniasis and respiratory syndrome, the pigeons are able to provide flight performance and cope with changes in their organism during this difficult race period.

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Effect of Dietary Selenium Sources in Racing Pigeons and their Effect on Antioxidant Markers During Flying Effort

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

How Birds During Migration Maintain (Oxidative) Balance

How Birds During Migration Maintain (Oxidative) Balance

Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help?

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