Effect of dietary protein to energy ratio on performance of nile tilapia and food web enhancement in semi-intensive pond aquaculture

Kabir, Kazi Ahmed; Schrama, J.W.; Verreth, J.A.J.; Phillips, Michael J.; Verdegem, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.038

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this study dietary, the C:N ratio was ~10:1 and hence the contribution of natural food (i.e. ~52%) is comparable with the lower range of observations in previous studies (Kabir, Schrama, et al, ). As the dietary C:N ratios were comparable (9.9:1 vs. 10.6:1), the contribution of natural food to fish growth remained the same between the two diets, so the opportunity for natural food enhancement through increasing the dietary C:N ratio was missed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Both diets met the recommended nutrient requirements of tilapia (NRC, ). However, the DP:DE level was 15.6 g/MJ, which is below the recommended level of NRC () and was done to enhance the natural food availability in the pond (Kabir, Schrama, et al, ). An inert marker, yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), was included in the diets to test ADC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All male, juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) of 14th generation WorldFish GIFT strain were collected from Asha Hatchery, Bagerhat, southern Bangladesh with average weight of 90 g. Eight, 30 m 2 , outdoor ponds, in a field experimental station were used for this experiment. Each pond was divided into three equal compartments as described by Kabir, Schrama, et al () by bamboo frames fitted with 1 mm mesh nets allowing mixing of nutrients and dissolved solids within the compartments but preventing pellets and fish from passing between the compartments. At the pond bottom, the compartments were separated by 105 cm high, 8 cm thick concrete walls, where 75 cm was buried below the pond bottom and 30 cm was above the pond bottom to prevent exchange of uneaten feed and benthos between the compartments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This creates pressure to develop new strategies to reduce the cost of feeding aquaculture‐produced fish by improving efficiency and developing cheaper feeds. Formulating feeds with reduced digestible protein to digestible energy (DP:DE) ratios is a way to reduce feed costs (NRC, ), which has been practically demonstrated for tilapia (Kabir et al, ; Kabir et al, ). While reducing the protein to energy ratio, the non‐protein energy in the diet increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio on performance of Nile tilapia and enhancement of natural food in pond aquaculture

et al. 2020

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This study tested the effect of two diets differing in carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:LIP) ratio (4.7 vs. 19.5 g/g) on the contribution of natural food and the total fish production in tilapia ponds. Eight ponds, each divided into three equally sized compartments, were assigned to one of the two diets, which differed in CHO:LIP ratio but had the same digestible protein to digestible energy (DP:DE) ratio (15.5 and 15.6 g/MJ). Ponds were fed equal amounts of crude protein. Three feeding levels (no, low and high) were nested in each pond in a split plot design. Average body weight of fish at stocking was 90 g, and the duration of the experiment was 42 days. Increasing the CHO:LIP ratio had no impact on tilapia production. However, the feeding level influenced both biomass gain, specific growth rate and survival. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for fat and carbohydrate was influenced by dietary CHO:LIP ratio but ADC for energy was unaffected. Proximate analysis of fish body composition showed no effect of diet except for levels of ash. Diet had no effect on the organic matter composition of the faeces, and the contribution of natural food to fish nitrogen gain. Therefore, we postulate that changing the dietary non‐protein energy source from lipid to carbohydrate does not have any impact on tilapia culture in semi‐intensive ponds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio on performance of Nile tilapia and enhancement of natural food in pond aquaculture

et al. 2020

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“…In aquaculture history, there have been many approaches to the protein feeding process; different feeding strategies exist, such as satiation, satiation with time, using a fixed percentage of the body weight, using a variable percentage of the body weight through the use of ration tables and specific mathematical equations that relate the DPI with individual weight (g protein feed/kg biomass according to body weight). Recently, models that define the amount of protein and energy have been developed (Belal, ; Kabir, Schrama, Verreth, Phillips, & Verdegem, ). DPI is an efficient metric that allows management and the ability to control the amount of protein required by the fish during its development, where commercial feed companies lack ration tables for high quality and high protein feeds that are used from juvenile to adult sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Oreochromis niloticus in recirculating aquaculture systems at different levels of daily protein intake

et al. 2019

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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are an efficient method for developing sustainable aquaculture and the development of a feed strategy for RASs could be a key factor for the success of culturing Oreochromis niloticus. The daily protein intake (DPI) mathematical function related to body weight (BW) was designed (DPI = −3.818 ln (BW) + 30.158) named DPI 1.0 = 100%. Three feeding rates were established, DPI 1.4, 1.2 and 1.0, and were implemented in an RAS production cycle (100 fish/m3) for 34 weeks. The final growth measurements were 908.0 ± 57.9 g (DPI 1.4), 887.0 ± 113.5 g (DPI 1.2) and 702.2 ± 38.1 g (DPI 1.0) (p < .05), with feed conversion rates (FCRs) of 2.3, 1.9 and 1.9, respectively; the survival was ≥ 98.3% (p > .05) for all treatments. DPI levels conditioned the growth of the fish and the proportion of lipid: protein in the bodies of O. niloticus but not in the fillets. The mathematical function DPI 1.2 = 120% (DPI = −4.582 ln (BW) + 36.19) used in the RAS at the 40% protein level improved fish growth, the protein efficiency ratio and FCRs. The DPI values were estimated for 49 different cases and feeding strategies showed lower values than most of the different DPI mathematical functions used and cited in this work. Therefore, DPI metric is a good tool that provides the specific requirements of protein for O. niloticus growth, which can enable farmers to ration feed and improve energy use (kWh/fish) and facilitate the integration of RAS with horticulture.

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Effects of Hatchery Rearing Density, Handling, and Nutrition on Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection Prevalence in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

et al. 2020

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Bacterial kidney disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS), is a chronic and often fatal disease of salmonid species, and can be particularly harmful to hatchery‐reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A considerable amount of research has focused on the prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission; however, a comparatively little amount has investigated factors that increase the prevalence of RS infection in captive environments. We evaluated the effects of three common hatchery conditions (handling, nutrition level, and rearing density) on RS infection prevalence. Fish were sampled at 30‐d and 60‐d postexposure to RS. Of 577 juveniles examined, 65 (11.27%) had anterior kidneys infected with RS. Using a logistic mixed model analysis, we found effects of nutrition level (P = 0.018), handling (P = 0.010), and sampling period (P = 0.003) on the prevalence of RS. The interactions of nutrition and handling (P = 0.008) and nutrition and time (P < 0.001) were also significant. When fed a standard‐nutrition diet, proportionately fewer fish were infected with RS when not handled (7.16% versus 0.04%; P = 0.003). Fish in the standard‐nutrition group also had a lower prevalence of RS during the second sampling period (4.08% versus 0.08%, respectively; P < 0.001). When not handled, rearing with standard nutrition (11.50% versus 0.04%; P = 0.004) resulted in a reduction in prevalence of RS infection. Additionally, nonhandled fish had a much lower prevalence of RS infection during the second sampling period (2.66% versus 0.21%; P = 0.009). While density did not affect the prevalence of RS infection (P = 0.145), fish reared at a higher density had lower RS infection when not handled (16.48% versus 0.84%, P = 0.004). For fish at a higher density, the RS prevalence was lower during the second sampling period (10.57% versus 1.40%; P = 0.002). Our results suggest that hatchery managers can reduce RS infection prevalence by maintaining an adequate nutritional regime as recommended by the manufacturer. Additionally, the prevalence of RS may be reduced if managers decrease handling of hatchery‐reared Chinook Salmon if exposed to RS.

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Effect of dietary protein to energy ratio on performance of nile tilapia and food web enhancement in semi-intensive pond aquaculture

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio on performance of Nile tilapia and enhancement of natural food in pond aquaculture

Effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio on performance of Nile tilapia and enhancement of natural food in pond aquaculture

Performance of Oreochromis niloticus in recirculating aquaculture systems at different levels of daily protein intake

Effects of Hatchery Rearing Density, Handling, and Nutrition on Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection Prevalence in Juvenile Chinook Salmon

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