Effect of dietary protein and energy levels on growth, survival and body composition of juvenile Totoaba macdonaldi

Influence of dietary lipid on growth performance and body composition of the Gulf corvina, Cynoscion othonopterus

“…As expected, dietary energy increased from 17.50 to 23.10 kJ/g with increasing dietary lipid, but because the diets used in the present study were isoproteic, the dietary protein (P) to energy (E) ratio decreased, from 23.25 to 17.56 gP/MJ, as dietary lipid increased (Table 1). The experimental lipid level that elicited the best results for the Gulf corvina (11%) corresponds to a P/E ratio of 20.42 gP/MJ, which concurs with the range of P/E ratios, from 20.7 to 28.6 gP/MJ, known to produce optimal growth of other sciaenids, such as A. japonicus, A. regius, S. ocellatus, N. japonica, N. miichthioides, and Totoaba macdonaldi (Chai et al, 2013;Chatzifotis et al, 2012;Martínez-Llorens et al, 2011;McGoogan and Gatlin, 1999;Pirozzi et al, 2010;Rueda-López et al, 2011;Turano et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2006;Woolley et al, 2010) (values were either directly taken or calculated from dietary protein and energy content data reported by the authors). Comparable optimal P/E ratios also have been reported for other seawater carnivorous, non-sciaenid fish, such as Dentex dentex (19.5 gP/MJ for 10-g fingerlings, and 23.7 gP/MJ for 92.4-g juveniles), Lateolabrax japonicus (25.9 gP/MJ), Pleuronectes americanus (26.6 gP/MJ), and Rachycentrum canadum (22.4-28.8 gP/MJ) (Ai et al, 2004;Hebb et al, 2003;Skalli et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2005).…”

“…For some aquacultural fish species, it has been observed that, when dietary lipid is included beyond optimal levels, body fat may accumulate excessively, affecting the quality of the product (Bromley, 1980;Hillestad and Johnsen, 1994), while for many other fish species, it limits feed ingestion rate, resulting in slow growth (Daniels and Robinson, 1986;Ellis and Reigh, 1991;McGoogan and Gatlin, 1999;Page and Andrews, 1973;Rueda-López et al, 2011;Shiau and Lan, 1996;Watanabe, 1982).…”

Effects of dietary protein at two lipid levels on growth, gonadal development, body composition and liver metabolic enzymes of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) broodstock

“…The SGR of the group treated with 360 g/kg protein was significantly lower than that of the groups treated with 420–480 g/kg protein. Similar results have been observed in grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) (Jiang et al., ), Pacific threadfin ( Polydactylus sexfilis ) (Deng, Ju, Dominy, Murashige, & Wilson, ), totoaba ( Totoaba macdonaldi ) (Rueda‐López, Lazo, Reyes, & Viana, ) and red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ) (McGoogan & Gatlin, ). This was due to the insufficient amount of amino acids, especially essential amino acids, available to the fish when the dietary protein level was low.…”

The effects of environmental salinity on the growth and physiology of totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi and shortfin corvina Cynoscion parvipinnis

“…Confirmatory long‐term trials, growing fishes up to market size, are warranted. In this respect, the G S recorded at a salinity of 10 for C. parvipinnis (1·9 ± 0·1% day −1 ) and especially for T. macdonaldi (2·3 ± 0·1% day −1 ), places them as attractive aquaculture candidates, considering the range of G S values reported (from 0·7 to 2·5% day −1 ) for some juvenile and sub adult sciaenids, such as S. ocellatus, A. japonicus , Sciaena umbra L. 1758, Cynoscion othonopterus Jordan & Gilbert 1882, U. cirrosa and T. macdonaldi (Sandifer et al ., ; Jirsa et al ., ; Segato et al ., ; Chatzifotis et al ., ; Rueda‐López et al ., ; Minjarez‐Osorio et al ., ; Perez‐Velazquez et al ., ). Furthermore, improved growth rates of C. parvipinnis and T. macdonaldi might be expected when using adequate infrastructure for commercial culture, e.g ., floating cages with ample open space and high‐quality feeds.…”