Effect of Dietary Phytase Supplementation on Bone and Hyaline Cartilage Development of Broilers Fed with Organically Complexed Copper in a Cu-Deficient Diet

Abstract

Tibial mechanical, chemical, and histomorphometrical traits were investigated for growing male Ross 308 broiler chickens fed diets that had copper (Cu) from organic source at a lowered level of 25% of the daily requirement (4 mg kg−1 of a premix) with or without phytase. Dietary treatments were control non-copper, non-phytase group (0 Suppl); 4 mg kg−1 Cu non-phytase group (25%Cu); and 4 mg kg−1 Cu + 500 FTU kg−1 phytase group (25%Cu + phyt). The results show that birds fed with the addition of phytase exhibited improved weight gain and final body weight and had increased serum IGF-1 and osteocalcin concentrations. The serum concentration of Cu and P did not differ between groups; however, Ca concentration decreased in the 25%Cu + phyt group when compared to the 25%Cu group. Added Cu increased bone Ca, P, Cu, and ash content in Cu-supplemented groups, but bone weight and length increased only by the addition of phytase. Bone geometry, yield, and ultimate strengths were affected by Cu and phytase addition. A decrease of the elastic stress and ultimate stress of the tibia in Cu-supplemented groups was observed. The histomorphometric analysis showed a positive effect of Cu supplementation on real bone volume and trabecular thickness in the tibia metaphyseal trabeculae; additionally, phytase increased the trabeculea number. The supplementation with Cu significantly increased the total articular cartilage and growth plate cartilage thickness; however, the changes in thickness of particular zones were dependent upon phytase addition. In summary, dietary Cu supplements given to growing broilers with Cu in their diet restricted to 25% of the daily requirement had a positive effect on bone metabolism, and phytase supplementation additionally improved cartilage development.

Subsequent somatic axis and bone tissue metabolism responses to a low-zinc diet with or without phytase inclusion in broiler chickens

“…Although when turkeys are fed a P-deficient diets, phytase inclusion improves trabecular bone architecture, bone Zn and Mg content [ 53 ]. Our previous study also proves, that phytase inclusion has no direct effect of trabecular architecture, as Cu supplementation in one fourth of recommended daily dose improves trabecular parameters irrespective of phytase in broiler chickens [ 58 ].…”

“…Bone microarchitecture can also be an indicator of bone mechanical strength, independently of bone geometry or mineral density [ 56 – 58 ]. Zinc deficiency results in deterioration of the growth plate cartilage structure [ 40 , 59 ], which leads to the decrease in cancellous bone mass (BV/TV) and to the deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture with thinner and less numerous trabeculae [ 40 ].…”

“…The inclusion of phytase led to further increase in growth hormone and leptin concertation. This indicated that the positive effects of phytase inclusion in the low-Zn diet on growth and development were mediated by improved activity of the somatotropic axis, as bone and cartilage homeostasis is regulated by GH acting via IGF-1 stimulation of the proliferation [ 58 ]. However, the response of bone metabolism followed by the alteration in somatotropic axis on phytase inclusion in low-Zn diet is still unclear as there is a lack of understanding about the extent to which phytase improves bioavailability and digestibility of organic forms of Zn [ 69 ].…”

Gut-bone axis response to dietary replacement of soybean meal with raw low-tannin faba bean seeds in broiler chickens

“…The birds had constant access to fresh water and were fed ad libitum in accordance with the stage of the production ( Table 1 ): starter in the form of crumble (1–21 days) and grower in the loose form (22–35 days). The nutrient composition of the basal diet was analyzed using standard methods ( Table 1 ) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Effects of Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Probiotics Supplementation on Bone Quality Characteristics in Young Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica): The Role of Sex on the Action of the Gut-Bone Axis

“…Copper, zinc, manganese and magnesium are essential cofactors for enzymes involved in collagen synthesis and other bone matrix constituents that are required in bone and cartilage formation processes [48,49]. Thus, this enhanced mineral bioavailability may be directly related to the observed improvements in trabecular bone microarchitecture and articular cartilage histomorphometry, as has been reported in numerous previous studies on poultry, by our laboratory [50][51][52][53].…”