Effect of Dietary Patterns on Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Moore, Thomas J.; Vollmer, William M.; Appel, Lawrence J.; Sacks, Frank M.; Svetkey, Laura P.; Vogt, Thomas; Conlin, Paul R.; Simons‐Morton, Denise G.; Carter-Edwards, Lori; Harsha, David W.

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.3.472

Cited by 118 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A previous analysis of the effect of the study diets on ABPM BPs showed statistically significant treatment effects that did not differ significantly in magnitude from those measured using RZ-BP measurements. 23 We now extend those results by comparing results from various ABPM summary measurements with results from RZ-BPs recorded over 1-5 days. The findings are intended to guide researchers in designing future clinical trials in which BP is the primary outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Comparing office-based and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical trials

et al. 2004

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Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is commonly used in clinical trials. Yet, its ability to detect blood pressure (BP) change in comparison to multiple officebased measurements has received limited attention. We recorded ambulatory and five daily pairs of random zero (RZ) BPs pre-and post-intervention on 321 adult participants in the multicentre Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. Treatment effect estimates measured by ambulatory monitoring were similar to those measured by RZ and did not differ significantly for waking vs 24-h ambulatory measurements. For systolic BP, the standard deviations of change in mean 24-h ambulatory BP (8.0 mmHg among hypertensives and 6.0 mmHg among nonhypertensives) were comparable to or lower than the corresponding standard deviations of change in RZ-BP based on five daily readings (8.9 and 5.9 mmHg). The standard deviations of change for mean waking ambulatory BP (8.7 and 6.7 mmHg) were comparable to those obtained using three to four daily RZ readings. Results for diastolic BP were qualitatively similar. Ambulatory monitoring was more efficient (ie, a smaller sample size could detect a given BP change) than three to four sets of daily RZ readings and required fewer clinic visits. The average of 33 ambulatory BP readings during the waking hours had an efficiency comparable to that from the mean of four daily pairs of RZ-BPs. Participants readily accepted the ABPM devices, and their use requires less staff training. ABPM provides a useful alternative to RZ-BP measurements in clinical trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Among participants with acceptable ABPM measurements, more than 90% of the possible waking and sleeping readings were obtained. 23 Staff were trained and certified on ABPM measurements on a regular basis throughout the study. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess how much wearing the monitor interfered with their daily activities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing office-based and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical trials

et al. 2004

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“…14,15 Studies in hypertensive individuals have shown increased plasma and vascular tissue levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and several inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a potential association between vascular inflammation and hypertension. [16][17][18][19] Although the evidence for a direct relationship between salt intake and BP is basically established, [20][21][22][23] the clinical evidence is not adequate to consider whether this effect translates into increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases independent from BP in patients with high dietary salt consumption. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary salt intake may be related with inflammation and albuminuria independently from BP in non-diabetic hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary salt intake is related to inflammation and albuminuria in primary hypertensive patients

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In this study, we hypothesized that dietary salt intake may be related with inflammation and albuminuria independently from blood pressure (BP) in non-diabetic hypertensive patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 224 patients with primary hypertension were included in the study. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, 24-h urine sodium and albumin excretion were measured in all patients. The subjects were divided into tertiles according to the level of 24-h urinary sodium excretion: low-salt-intake group (n ¼ 76, mean urine sodium: 111.7 ± 29.1 mmol/24 h), mediumsalt-intake group (n ¼ 77, mean urine sodium: 166.1 ± 16.3 mmol/24 h) and high-salt-intake group (n ¼ 71, mean urine sodium: 263.6±68.3 mmol/24 h). RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic BP measurements of patients were similar in the three salt-intake groups. CRP and urinary albumin levels were significantly higher in high-salt-intake group compared with medium-and low-salt-intake groups (P ¼ 0.0003 and P ¼ 0.001, respectively). CRP was positively correlated with 24-h urinary sodium excretion (r ¼ 0.28, P ¼ 0.0008) and albuminuria, whereas albuminuria was positively correlated with 24-h urinary sodium excretion (r ¼ 0.21, P ¼ 0.0002). Multiple regression analysis revealed that urinary sodium excretion was an independent predictor of both CRP and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that high salt intake is associated with enhanced inflammation and target organ damage reflected by increased albuminuria in treated hypertensive patients independent of any BP effect. Keywords: albuminuria; hypertension; inflammation; salt intake INTRODUCTION Salt intake is an important factor in the genesis of primary hypertension. Epidemiological and clinical data have showed that high salt intake is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. 1 Recent work has provided further evidence that high dietary salt intake may even partly cause blood pressure (BP) -independent target organ damage including left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria. [2][3][4] Microalbuminuria is a significant predictor of endothelial dysfunction and an independent marker of cardiovascular diseases in patients with primary hypertension. 5,6 Several studies have demonstrated that high salt intake is positively related to urinary albumin excretion and this relation may be independent of BP. 3,4,7 The mechanisms responsible for this effect are unclear. In animal models, dietary salt overload has been demonstrated to contribute to renal injury documented by albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate with a minimally increased arterial pressure. 8,9 Inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed to have a role in this nephrotoxic effect of salt excess. 9-13 The role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases is increasingly recognized. 14,15 Studies in hypertensive individuals have shown increased plasma and vascular tissue levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and several inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a...

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“…Researches of Hu et al (2001), Hu and Willett (2002) and Moore et al (2001Moore et al ( , 1999 have suggested that high intake of fruits, vegetables and dietary fiber may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and type 2 diabetes. Legumes such as lentils, split peas (green and yellow) play a significant role in human nutrition as a source of minerals, vitamins (E, D and folate) and as a source of fiber.…”

Section: Int J Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Sprouted and Non-sprouted Lentil, Green and Yellow Split-peas

Busambwa¹,

Sunkara²,

Diby³

et al. 2015

International J. of Cancer Research

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Legumes such as lentils, green and yellow split-peas have been reported to provide health benefits against colon cancer due to nutrients and non-nutrient phytochemical compounds present in them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selected legumes in inducing cytotoxicity, apoptosis and/or necrosis in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Methanolic extracts of sprouted and non-sprouted legumes (Lentils, green peas, yellow peas) were prepared. Caco-2, human colonic carcinoma cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Cells were incubated with legume extracts at selected concentrations (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 10 mg mLG 1 ) for determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (cytotoxicity %). The ability of legume extracts in inducing cell apoptosis was analyzed at selected concentrations of 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 mg mLG 1 by quantifying DNA fragmentation. Morphological changes in cells were observed microscopically. The activity of caspase-3 enzyme was also determined. Results showed that legume extracts induced cytotoxicity in caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. A 20-80% increase in release of LDH was observed in cells incubated with extracts compared to untreated cells. Total fragmented DNA (%) was higher in cells treated with sprouted legume extracts compared to their non-sprouted extracts. More than 40% of total DNA fragmentation was observed in cells treated with sprouted legumes. Caspase-3 activity was highest in cells incubated with non-sprouted yellow split peas at 6 mg mLG 1 . Specific morphological changes related to apoptosis such as: surface blebbing, formation of apoptotic bodies, blisters and echinoid spikes and cell membrane destabilization were observed in cells incubated with extracts. These results suggested the cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing potential of legume extracts. Bioactive components in these selected legumes may be used as chemopreventive agents.

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Effect of Dietary Patterns on Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Cited by 118 publications

References 21 publications

Comparing office-based and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical trials

Comparing office-based and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical trials

Dietary salt intake is related to inflammation and albuminuria in primary hypertensive patients

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Sprouted and Non-sprouted Lentil, Green and Yellow Split-peas

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