Effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers

Abstract

1. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on broiler performance, and physical and morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract. 2. Experiment 1: A total of 180 one-d-old male chicks were placed in battery brooders in 3 × 6 replicate pens containing 10 chicks each. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments; a maize-soyabean meal based diet supplemented with 0, 0·25, and 0·50% Torula yeast RNA (as a source of nucleotides) from 0 to 16 d of age. 3. Experiment 2: A total of 1344 one-d-old male chicks were placed in floor pens and reared on recycled wood shavings (two flocks) under a high stocking density (0·068 m(2)/bird). Chicks were randomly assigned to one of the 4 dietary treatments (0, 0·25% Torula yeast RNA, 2% and 6% Nupro®) for the starter period (0 to 14 d of age) with 6 replicate pens containing 56 chicks each. All the birds were fed on the same common grower diet with no supplementation of nucleotides from 15 to 32 d of age. 4. Experiment 1: Supplementing the diets with up to 0·50% Torula yeast RNA did not affect broiler performance, or relative intestinal tract weight and length of broilers at any periods measured. 5. Experiment 2: From 0 to 14 d of age, broilers fed on the diets supplemented with 0·25% Torula yeast RNA and 2 and 6% Nupro® were significantly heavier and had improved feed conversion (feed:gain) ratios as compared with the birds fed on the control diet. Supplementing the starter diet only with 2% Nupro® supplementation significantly improved body weight (BW) gain as compared with the control diet over the entire experiment (0 to 32 d of age). Broilers fed on the diets supplemented with 2 and 6% Nupro® from 0 to 14 d of age had better feed conversion (feed:gain) ratios over the entire experiment (0 to 32 d of age) as compared with the birds fed on the control diet, even though the birds were only fed on the diets supplemented with Nupro® from 0 to 14 d of age. The broilers fed on the diets supplemented with 0·25% Torula yeast RNA and 2% Nupro® had higher villus height and an improved villus height-to-crypt depth ratio as compared with birds fed on the control or 6% Nupro® diet at 14 d of age. 6. It is generally assumed that nucleotides are not an essential nutrient; thus there is no need to supplement the diets of broilers reared under normal conditions. However, dietary nucleotide supplementation may be important to maintain maximum growth performance when birds are exposed to stress conditions, such as high stocking density combined with dirty litter.

Performance, histomorphology, and Toll-like receptor, chemokine, and cytokine profile locally and systemically in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with yeast-derived macromolecules

“…Among the various drawbacks in the use of antibiotic growth promoters as feed additives are the imbalance of normal microflora, and reduction in beneficial intestinal microflora that might affect intestinal turn-over and maturation of gut immuno-cells (Sen et al, 2012). Yeast-derived macromolecules can have immunomodulatory, cell growth promoting, and pathogen microbe controlling capacity in chickens, turkeys, and pigs (Solis de los Santos, 2007;Jung and Batal, 2012). Nucleotides in YDM have been shown to play a role in improving performance of birds (Bradley et al, 1994;Van Buren and Rudolph, 1997).…”

“…Specifically, yeastderived macromolecules (YDM) have been studied as immunomodulators and nutritional supplements in promoting cell growth and controlling pathogenic microbes in chickens, turkeys, and pigs (Solis de los Santos, 2007;Fasina and Thanissery, 2011;Superchi et al, 2012). A typical YDM composition includes a blend of yeast-derived nucleotides, inositol, protein, glutamic acid, vitamins, and minerals, among others (Jung and Batal, 2012). It has been suggested that the beneficial action of yeast macromolecules as supplements is brought about by the nucleotide content of the product (Savage and Zakrzewska, 1996).…”

Utility of Feed Enzymes and Yeast Derivatives in Ameliorating Deleterious Effects of Coccidiosis on Intestinal Health and Function in Broiler Chickens

“…These conditions are commensurate to gastrointestinal damage occasioned by Eimeria infection (9). Evaluations of nucleotide rich yeast extracts on growth, feed efficiency and intestinal development and health has been reported in broiler chickens (86,87,135,136). However, there are limited studies assessing the effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on development of immune organs in broilers challenged with Eimeria.…”

Nucleotídeos na alimentação de leitões recém-desmamados

“…Efeitos positivos da inclusão dos nucleotídeos à dieta de leitões recém-desmamados, frangos e peixes têm sido verificados no ganho de peso (ABREU et al, 2010;BONTEMPO et al, 2006), no consumo de ração (SAUER et al, 2012), na conversão alimentar (GHOSH et al, 2012;JUNG;BATAL, 2012;TAHMASEBI-KOHYANI et al, 2011), na morfologia…”

“…intestinal (BONTEMPO et al, 2006;JUNG;BATAL, 2012;SAUER et al, 2012), na microbiota intestinal (ANDRÉS-ELIAS et al, 2007;GHOSH et al, 2012) e no sistema imune dos animais (ANDRÉS-ELIAS et al, 2007;TAHMASEBI-KOHYANI et al, 2011). 190 54,190 54,190 54,190 54,190 Farelo de soja (46%) 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 Soro de leite (71% de lactose) 2 11,400 11,400 11,400 11,400 11,400 Leite em pó (37% de lactose) 5,160 5,160 5,160 5,160 5,160 Plasma desidratado 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 L-Lisina.HCl (78%) 0,280 0,280 0,280 0,280 0,280 DL-Metionina (99%) 0,120 0,120 0,120 0,120 0,120 L-Treonina (98,5%) 0,080 0,080 0,080 0,080 0,080 Produto comercial: Clorohidroxiquinolina (60,0 %).…”