Effect of Dietary Lipid Level on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Physiometabolic Responses of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Juveniles Reared in Inland Ground Saline Water

Abstract

A 60-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth and physiometabolic responses to optimize the dietary lipid requirement for maximizing the growth of Genetically Improved FarmedTilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland ground saline water (IGSW) of medium salinity (15 ppt). Formulation and preparation of seven heterocaloric (389.56-449.02 Kcal digestible energy/100 g), heterolipidic (40-160 g/kg), and isonitrogenous (410 g/kg crude protein) purified diets were done for conducting the feeding trial. Random distribution of 315 acclimatized fish (mean weight 1.90 ± 0.01 g) was made in seven experimental groups such as CL4 (40 g/kg lipid), CL6 (60 g/kg lipid), CL8 (80 g/kg lipid), CL10 (100 g/kg lipid), CL12 (120 g/kg lipid), CP14 (140 g/kg lipid), and CL16 (160 g/kg lipid) with 15 fish per triplicate tank (fish density, 0.21 kg/m3). Respective diets were used for feeding the fish at satiation level three times daily. Results indicated that weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio, and protease activity significantly increased up to 100 g lipid/kg fed group, and then the values significantly decreased. Muscle ribonucleic acid (RNA) content and lipase activity were highest in 120 g/kg lipid-fed group. RNA/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and serum high-density lipoproteins levels of 100 g/kg lipid-fed group were significantly higher than 140, and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. The lowest feed conversion ratio was found in the 100 g/kg lipid-fed group. The amylase activity was significantly higher in 40 and 60 g lipid/kg fed groups. The whole-body lipid level was increased with increasing the dietary lipid levels, whereas, there was no significant difference in whole-body moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of all groups. Highest serum glucose, total protein and albumin, and albumin to globulin ratio and lowest low-density lipoproteins level were found in 140 and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. Serum osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity did not vary significantly, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed an increased and decreased trend, respectively, with the increasing dietary lipid levels. According to second-order polynomial regression analysis based on WG% and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid for GIFT juveniles in IGSW of 15 ppt salinity was found to be 99.1 and 100.1 g/kg, respectively.

The Effect of Dietary Lipid Supplementation on the Serum Biochemistry, Antioxidant Responses, Initial Immunity, and mTOR Pathway of Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…After the digestion and absorption of lipids into the bloodstream, they participate in the metabolism of blood substances or generate feedback mechanisms to regulate blood osmotic pressure and fish immune function by synthesizing albumin and affecting the transport of globulins [25]. A similar study had shown that the addition of lipids in the feed (80-160 g/kg) significantly increased the levels of TP and ALB in the serum of tilapia [26]. In this study, the GLU content in the serum increased with the increasing lipid content in the feed, indicating that increasing the lipid content in the feed could enhance glucose metabolism in fish and promote an increase in serum glucose levels.…”

Effect of salinity on growth, survival, haemato‐biochemical and antioxidative status ofAnabas testudineus(Bloch, 1792) juveniles reared in inland saline water

“…Besides, changing pattern of physico‐chemical properties over space and time result in lack of productivity of the inland saline soil (spatio‐temporal variations), thus making the associated water (ISW) distinctly different from seawater (Aklakur, 2017). Several fish and crustacean species such as amur carp (Singh et al, 2019), Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Kumar et al, 2016), Mugil cephalus (Talukdar et al, 2020), Chanos (Raizada, Chadha, Javed, et al, 2005), Trachinotus blochii (Pathak et al, 2019), GIFT Tilapia (Paul, Sardar, Sahu, Deo, et al, 2022; Paul, Sardar, Sahu, Varghese, et al, 2022; Singha et al, 2020), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Jain et al, 2007), Penaeus monodon (Antony et al, 2015; Purushothaman et al, 2014), Penaeus vannamei (Jahan et al, 2018; Jana et al, 2021; Talukdar et al, 2021), etc. have been reared for their suitability of culture using ground inland saline water.…”