Effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana and Schizochytrium spp) on non-specific immunity and erythrocyte maturity in Atlantic salmon fingerlings

Sánchez, Felipe Subiabre; Lozano‐Muñoz, Ivonne; Díaz, Nelson F.; Neira, Roberto; Wacyk, Jurij

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108975

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…WBCs are a type of immune and self-protective cell that engulfs and degrades pathogens and tissue debris in fish. When exogenous substances invade organisms, the number of WBCs significantly increases [22]. In the present study, ACP activity increased in the 0.2 mg/L treatment group, while it decreased with the increasing metamifop concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBCs) are an important cellular immune factor, and lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes are the main forms of WBCs. WBC synthesize antibacterial compounds and destroy pathogens [22]. The inflammatory response is an innate immune defense response of fish via oxidative stress, ultraviolet light, pathogen infection, and mechanical injury [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Metamifop on Defense Systems in Monopterus albus

Guan,

Zhang,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Toxics

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The effects of herbicides on non-target organisms in paddy fields have become a popular research topic. As a widely used herbicide, it is necessary to explore the potential toxicity of metamifop in non-target organisms, especially aquatic animals, in co-culture mode. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of metamifop (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/L) on the defense system (antioxidation, immunity, and apoptosis) in Monopterus albus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and protein carbonylation (PCO) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing metamifop concentration, resulting in oxidative damage. In the antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 0.2 mg/L treatment group compared with the control group, and decreased in 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/L treatment groups. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing metamifop concentration. In the immune system, white cell number (WCN) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in 0.2 mg/L treatment group, and then decreased with the increase in metamifop concentration. Compared with control group, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity not only increased significantly (p < 0.05) in 0.2 mg/L treatment group, but also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with the increase in metamifop concentration. However, in all treatment groups, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In the inflammatory response, TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels in the NF-κB signaling pathway decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in metamifop concentration, while IL-8 expression level in the same signaling pathway increased significantly (p < 0.05) in treatment groups. The expression levels of genes related to apoptosis showed that apoptosis was promoted after exposure to metamifop. The results of the present study show that metamifop induced oxidative damage via a high level of ROS production, and then inhibited or damaged the defense systems of M. albus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%