Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Intake on Circulating Sex Hormone Levels among Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial

Chang, Vicky C.; Cotterchio, Michelle; Boucher, Beatrice A.; Jenkins, David; Mirea, Lucia; McCann, Susan E.; Thompson, Lilian U.

doi:10.1080/01635581.2018.1516789

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…asked women to consume 2 tablespoons of ground flaxseed every day for seven weeks. Women in this intervention group saw an increase in serum 2-hydroxyestrone levels and an increase in the 2/16α-hydroxyestrone ratio ( 17 ). More information is needed to understand the mechanism(s) through which flaxseed may affect estrogen metabolites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endogenous Estrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2021

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Endogenous estrogens have been associated with overall breast cancer risk, particularly for postmenopausal women, and ways to reduce these estrogens have served as a primary means to decrease overall risk. This narrative review of clinical studies details how various nutritional and exercise lifestyle interventions have been used to modify estrogen levels and metabolism to provide a protective impact against breast cancer incidence. We also summarized the evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions, outcomes of interest and identified emerging research themes. A systematic PubMed MEDLINE search identified scholarly articles or reviews published between 2000-2020 that contained either a cohort, cross-sectional, or interventional study design and focused on the relationships between diet and/or exercise and overall levels of different forms of estrogen and breast cancer risk and occurrence. Screening and data extraction was undertaken by two researchers. Data synthesis was narrative due to the heterogeneous nature of studies. A total of 1625 titles/abstracts were screened, 198 full texts reviewed; and 43 met eligibility criteria. Of the 43 studies, 28 were randomized controlled trials, and 15 were observational studies. Overall, studies that incorporated both diet and exercise interventions demonstrated better control of detrimental estrogen forms and levels and thus likely represent the best strategies for preventing breast cancer development for postmenopausal women. Some of the strongest associations included weight loss via diet and diet + exercise interventions, reducing alcohol consumption, and consuming a varied dietary pattern, similar to the Mediterranean diet. More research should be done on the effects of specific nutritional components on endogenous estrogen levels to understand the effect that the components have on their own and in combination within the diet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endogenous Estrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2021

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“…Oestrogens are important regulators of female reproduction (ovarian follicullogenesis, oogenesis, embryo implantation in uterus and pregnancy 54 ). Previously we mentioned the ability of flaxseed to affect oestradiol release 27 , 29 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 41 , 43 , 44 , oestradiol metabolism 27 , 43 , 48 , expression of oestrogen receptors 27 , 36 , 43 and similarity of its action to the action of oestrogen 29 . These data indicate that flaxseed molecules with phytoestrogen activity can affect oestrogen-dependent reproductive processes and ovarian carcinogenesis via oestrogen receptors.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action On Female Reproductive Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) on Female Reproduction

Sirotkin

2023

Planta Med

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This review describes the chemical composition of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and its general health effects, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning its action on the female reproductive state, functions on the ovary and ovarian cells and reproductive hormones, as well as possible constituents and extra- and intracellular mediators mediating its effects on female reproductive processes. Flaxseed contains a number of biologically active molecules, which, acting through multiple signalling pathways, can determine numerous physiological, protective and therapeutic effects of flaxseed. The available publications demonstrate the action of flaxseed and its constituents on the female reproductive system – ovarian growth, follicle development, the resulting puberty and reproductive cycles, ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis, oo- and embryogenesis, hormonal regulators of reproductive processes and their dysfunctions. These effects can be determined by flaxseed lignans, alpha-linolenic acid and their products. Their actions can be mediated by changes in general metabolism, metabolic and reproductive hormones, their binding proteins, receptors and several intracellular signalling pathways, including protein kinases, transcription factors regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and malignant transformation. Flaxseed and its active molecules are found potentially useful for improving farm animal reproductive efficiency and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome and ovarian cancer.

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“…Além disso, os estudos com roedores realizados por DUGANI et al (2012), ZAREPOOR et al (2014), MÄÄTTÄNEN et al (2018 no risco e mortalidade para CM, especialmente em mulheres em estágio pós-menopausa (BUCK et al, 2010;FLOWER et al, 2014). Adicionalmente, ensaios clínicos associam a suplementação com linhaça com a regulação nos níveis circulantes e urinários de hormônios sexuais ( HAGGANS et al, 1999;CHANG et al, 2019).…”

Section: Positivosunclassified

Histórico, Usos E Importância Econômica Da Linhaça

Lúcio¹,

Follmann²,

Emanuelli³

et al. 2021

Linhaça: Perspectiva De Produção E Usos Na Alimentação Humana E Animal

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Direitos para esta edição cedidos à Atena Editora pelos autores. Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição-Não-Comercial-NãoDerivativos 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores, inclusive não representam necessariamente a posição oficial da Atena Editora. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Todos os manuscritos foram previamente submetidos à avaliação cega pelos pares, membros do Conselho Editorial desta Editora, tendo sido aprovados para a publicação com base em critérios de neutralidade e imparcialidade acadêmica.A Atena Editora é comprometida em garantir a integridade editorial em todas as etapas do processo de publicação, evitando plágio, dados ou resultados fraudulentos e impedindo que interesses financeiros comprometam os padrões éticos da publicação. Situações suspeitas de má conduta científica serão investigadas sob o mais alto padrão de rigor acadêmico e ético.

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Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Intake on Circulating Sex Hormone Levels among Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial

Cited by 28 publications

References 73 publications

The Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endogenous Estrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

The Effects of Diet and Exercise on Endogenous Estrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Influence of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) on Female Reproduction

Histórico, Usos E Importância Econômica Da Linhaça

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