Effect of Dietary Fat on Pig Performance and Dust Levels in Modified-Open-Front and Environmentally Regulated Confinement Buildings

Abstract

Four trials were conducted with 1,480 pigs (initial wt: 23 kg in trial 1, 29 kg in trial 2 and 49 kg in trial 3 and 4) to determine the effect of dietary fat on pig performance, nutrient separation in an automated feed distribution system, dust levels in swine buildings and integrity of the respiratory system of swine. Two modified-open-front (B-1 and B-2) and two environmentally regulated (E-1 and E-2) growing-finishing buildings, of identical design, were used in each trial. In trial 1,250 pigs (25 pens of 10 pigs/pen) in B-1 were fed a ground, mixed, corn-soybean'meal diet (15% crude protein) with added taUow (5%), and 250 pigs in B-2 were fed the same diet but without added tallow. The assignment of diets to buildings were reversed in trial 2 in which 2.5% tallow was used instead of 5%. Each diet was fed ad libitum to pigs, and was distributed by an automated "Flexauger" system in trials 1 and 2. In each of trials 3 and 4, 120 pigs (12 pens of 10 pigs/pen) in E-1 were fed a corn-soybean meal diet (14% crude protein) with added tallow (5%) and 120 pigs in E-2 were fed the same diet but without added tallow. Overall, pigs fed the diet with tallow gained faster (P<.O02), consumed less feed (P<.02) and converted feed more efficiently (P<.OO2) than those fed the diet without tallow in trials 1 and 2. Pig performance was also improved by the addition of tallow to the diet in trims 3 and 4 (P<.O02). Crude protein, Ca, P and Ca contents of both diets were similar at each location sampled throughout the automated distribution system in trials 1 and 2. Addition of tallow to the diets reduced aerial dust levels, both with the feed distribution auger running (P<.002) and without the auger running (P=.06) in trials 1 and 2. In trials 3 and 4, adding 5% tallow to the diet reduced aerial dust concentrations of particle sizes of 14, 4, and 1.5 Wm (P<.O02) and .4/~m (P=.07). The amount of settled dust was lower (P<.O01, trials 1, 3 and 4) when tallow was included in the diet. There was no difference between the two dietary treatments in the incidence of abnormal turbinates in all four trials. There was a trend for pigs fed the diet without tallow to have more severe forms of lung lesions than those fed the diet with tallow in trials 1 and 3. The results of microscopic examination and crude protein analysis of settled dust indicated that the swine-house dust was mainly feed dust.

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with normal or high-fat oat

“…Although the improved pig performance alone may be sufficient justification to recommend the use of high-fat oat over normal-fat oat, there may be additional advantages to its use. It is possible that the use of high-fat oat could play a role in reducing dust levels in pig barns as Chiba et al (1985) reported significant reductions in aerial dust levels in swine units when diets contained additional lipid. The "prepackaged fat" in high-fat oat may also be of benefit to pig producers who mix their own feed, and who may not have sufficient production volume to justify keeping a heated fat tank at their feed mixing facility.…”

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal

“…It is possible that the use of high-fat Linpro could play a role in reducing dust levels in swine barns as Chiba et al (1985) reported significant reductions in aerial dust levels in swine units when diets contained additional lipid. The "prepackaged fat" in Linpro may also be of benefit to swine producers who mix their own feed, and who may not have sufficient production volume to justify keeping a heated fat tank at their feed mixing facility.…”

Impact of particulate matter and ammonia on average daily weight gain, mortality and lung lesions in pigs

“…Many studies focus on the impact of NH 3 or PM on atrophic rhinitis (AR), are dated and were performed in confined research facilities (Stombaugh et al, 1969;Curtis et al, 1975;Drummond et al, 1980;Underdahl et al, 1982;Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1998Hamilton et al, , 1999Wathes et al, 2004;Done et al, 2005). No consensus is obtained on whether (Stombaugh et al, 1969;Curtis et al, 1975;Chiba et al, 1985;Donham, 1991;Jolie et al, 1999b) or not (Drummond et al, 1980;Carpenter and Moulsley, 1986;Van 't Klooster et al, 1993;Jansen and Feddes, 1995;Takai et al, 1995;Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1999;Done et al, 2005) PM or NH 3 affect health or production under current field conditions. Further, many studies consider only the impact of PM (Chiba et al, 1985;Van 't Klooster et al, 1993;Jolie et al, 1999a) or NH 3 (Stombaugh et al, 1969;Underdahl et al, 1982;Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1998) on respiratory parameters (Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1998Hamilton et al, , 1999Done et al, 2005) or production data (Bate et al, 1987;Wathes et al, 2004), but not the associations and long term environmental exposures in relation with health and production.…”

“…No consensus is obtained on whether (Stombaugh et al, 1969;Curtis et al, 1975;Chiba et al, 1985;Donham, 1991;Jolie et al, 1999b) or not (Drummond et al, 1980;Carpenter and Moulsley, 1986;Van 't Klooster et al, 1993;Jansen and Feddes, 1995;Takai et al, 1995;Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1999;Done et al, 2005) PM or NH 3 affect health or production under current field conditions. Further, many studies consider only the impact of PM (Chiba et al, 1985;Van 't Klooster et al, 1993;Jolie et al, 1999a) or NH 3 (Stombaugh et al, 1969;Underdahl et al, 1982;Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1998) on respiratory parameters (Urbain et al, 1996;Hamilton et al, 1998Hamilton et al, , 1999Done et al, 2005) or production data (Bate et al, 1987;Wathes et al, 2004), but not the associations and long term environmental exposures in relation with health and production. Only one study exposed pigs to aerial PM (40.6 mg/m 3 ) in combination with lipopolysaccharide for 15 weeks (5 days per week, 8 h per day) but no influence on macroscopic lung lesions was noticed (Jolie et al, 1999a).…”