Effect of dietary fat on lymphocyte proliferation and metabolism

Abstract

The effect of diets enriched with fat containing different fatty acids on glucose and glutamine metabolism of mesenteric lymph nodes lymphocytes, spleen, and thymus and lymphocyte proliferation was examined. The following fat-rich diets were tested: (1) standard chow (CC); (2) medium chain saturated fatty acids (MS)--coconut fat oil; (3) long chain saturated fatty acids (LS)--cocoa butter; (4) monounsaturated fatty acids (MU)--canola oil (n-9); (5) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PU)--soybean oil (n-6). Of the fat-rich diets tested, MS was the one to present the least pronounced effect. Lymphocyte proliferation was reduced by LS (64 per cent), MU (55 per cent), and PU (60 per cent). Hexokinase activity was enhanced in lymph node lymphocytes by PU (67 per cent), in the spleen by MS (42 per cent), and in the thymus by PU (30 per cent). This enzyme activity was reduced in the spleen (33 per cent) by LS and MU (35 per cent). In the thymus, this enzyme activity was reduced by LS (26 per cent) and MU (13 per cent). Maximal phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity was raised in lymphocytes by MS (70 per cent) and MU (20 per cent). This enzyme activity, however, was decreased in lymphocytes by PU (26 per cent), in the spleen by LS (15 per cent), and in the thymus by MU (44 per cent). Citrate synthase activity was increased in lymphocytes by MU (35 per cent), in the spleen by LS (56 per cent) and MU (68 per cent), and in the thymus by LS (42 per cent). This enzyme activity was decreased in lymphocytes by PU (24 per cent) only. [U-14C]-Glucose decarboxylation was raised by all fat-rich diets; MS (88 per cent). LS (39 per cent), MU (33 per cent), and PU (50 per cent), whereas [U-14C]-glutamine decarboxylation was increased by LS (53 per cent) and MU (55 per cent) and decreased by MS (17 per cent). The results presented indicate that the reduction in lymphocyte proliferation due to LS, LU and PU could well be a consequence of changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism.

Comparative effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on proliferation, cytokine production, and pleiotropic gene expression in Jurkat cells

“…Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation have been associated with impaired immune function and with the development of several diseases [52,53]. DHA presented a stimulating effect on expression of three genes related to defense and repair: growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (GADD45), glutathione reductase, and glutathione Stransferase A1 (GSTA1).…”

Comparative toxicity of oleic and linoleic acid on human lymphocytes

“…In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that fatty acids modulate a number of leukocyte functions (Arrington et al, 2001;Kelley, 2001), including proliferation (Otton et al, 1998;Granato et al, 2000;Furukawa et al, 2002;Cavaglieri et al, 2003), activation by antigens (Granato et al, 2000), natural killer cell activity (Yaqoob et al, 1998), cytokine release (Granato et al, 2000;Furukawa et al, 2002;Hara et al, 2003;Kurita-Ochiai et al, 2004), adhesion molecule expression (Yaqoob et al, 1998;Kurita-Ochiai et al, 2004), mitogenic signalling cascade activity (Yusufi et al, 2003), and cell death (Emenaker et al, 2001;Garnacho-Montero et al, 2002;Lima et al, 2002;Pompeia et al, 2002;Healy et al, 2003;Switzer et al, 2004).…”

Diabetes causes marked changes in lymphocyte metabolism

“…The cells were then collected, washed with PBS and used for enzymatic activity assays and/or measurements of glucose and glutamine oxidation. The cells obtained from rats or culture plates were disrupted through sonication (Vibra Cell, Manchester, CT, USA) as previously described (Otton et al 1998).…”

“…4·1·3·7) and phosphate-dependent glutaminase (E.C. 4·1·3·7) were determined as described in our previous studies (Cooney et al 1986, Newsholme et al 1986, Pereira et al 1994, Otton et al 1998 and in other studies (Mansour 1963).…”