Effect of dietary fat on the fecal excretion of cholesterol and its degradation products in man

Moore, Richard B.; Anderson, Joseph T.; Taylor, Henry L.; Keys, Ancel; Frantz, Ivan D.

doi:10.1172/jci105845

Cited by 134 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Since the quantity of excess cholesterol that appeared in feces corresponded to the amount of cholesterol lost from the plasma, these authors suggested that the decrease in plasma cholesterol might be specifically linked to an excretion mechanism. Following this report, additional studies have claimed that ingestion of vegetable fats caused an enhanced excretion of fecal steroids (4-12, 15, 16); a rather consistent finding has been that normolipidemic subjects show a small but significant increase in fecal steroids on polyunsaturated fats (4,10,12,16). Despite these findings, the hypothesis that lowering of plasma cholesterol by polyunsaturated fats can best be explained by a greater excretion of steroids has been brought into question by other studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Grundy¹

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

245

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A B S T R A C T Studies were carried out on the effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in 11 patients with hypertriglyceridemia. During cholesterol balance studies performed in eight patients, the feeding of polyunsaturated fats, as compared with saturated fats, caused an increased excretion of endogenous neutral steroids, acidic steroids, or both in most patients.Increases in steroid excretions were marked in some patients and generally exceeded the decrement of cholesterol in the plasma compartment. The finding of a greater excretion of fecal steroids on polyunsaturated fats in hypertriglyceridemic patients contrasts to the lack of change in sterol balance previously reported for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia; however, other workers have found that polyunsaturated fats also enhance steroid excretion in normal subjects.In most of the patients, simultaneous studies were carried out on biliary lipid composition, hourly outputs of biliary lipids, and pool sizes of bile acids. In several but not all patients, fasting gallbladder bile became more lithogenic after institution of polyunsaturated fats. This increased lithogenicity was not due to a decrease in bile acid pools; in no case was the pool decreased by polyunsaturated fats. On the other hand, two patients showed an increased output of biliary cholesterol, and frequently there was an increase in fecal neutral steroids that were derived from cholesterol; thus, polyunsaturated fats may increase bile lithogenicity in some patients through mobilization of cholesterol into bile.Reductions in plasma cholesterol during the feeding of polyunsaturated fats was seen in most patients, and these changes were usually associated with a decrease in concentration of plasma triglycerides. In fact, the de-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Grundy¹

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

245

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“…1) (Chevallier, 1967 ;Lutton, 1976). The,results in the literature are conflicting, but most studies in man (Moore et al, 1968 ;Connor et al, 1969 ;Nestel, Havenstein and Whyte, 1973 ;Nestel et al, 1975) and in rat (Danielsson and Tchen, 1968) , a relationship between cholesterol synthesis (m s y) and the absorption coefficient was established (25 groups of rats out of 30 assessed as « typical » rats).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary long-chain fatty acids on the rates of cholesterol turnover processes, cholesterol origin and distribution in the rat intestinal lumen

Lutton¹,

Magot²,

Chevallier³

1980

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…Further, the composition of fatty acids such as linoleate, may influence cholesterol metabolism. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). We found that linoleate had no effect on the half-life of cholesterol, though it lowered plasma cholesterol (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of fat intake on cholesterol turnover and bile acid formation.

Iritani

Fukuda

Ibamoto

1977

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThree groups of male rats were maintained on diets con taining different amounts of fat. After one week on such regimens, they were injected intraperitoneally with cholesterol-3H. During the following 28 days, the radioactivity and quantity of fecal cholesterol and its metabolites were determined. The coprostanol excretion was the about same in all groups and the bile acids excretion increased with increasing fat intake; however, compared to the fat-free group, the excretion of the injected cholesterol-3H was greater in the 3% fat group and less in the 10% fat group. Consequently, the specific radioactivity of bile acids was lower in the 10% group than in the others. The half life of labelled cholesterol was 12.6, 16.0 and 22.2 days for the 3%,10% fat and fat-free groups, respectively. Rather than a fat-free diet, a low fat diet of 3% or so, would be of more advantage in eliminating choleste rol by increasing the formation of bile acids to emulsify the fat. In the 10% fat group, however, the enlarged pool size of bile acid probably delayed cholesterol metabolism to bile acids.The influence of fat feeding on cholesterol metabolism has been reported by many investigators. The absorption of cholesterol increases with the amount of fat intake with an upper limit (1), although the fatty acid composition of the carrier fat affects the extent of sterol absorption (2). Several workers have re ported that fat influenced the biosynthesis and excretion of cholesterol, but with conflicting results. In the experiments of SABINE et al. (3) and JANSEN et al. (4) with mice, the high-fat diet suppressed cholesterol synthesis; whereas with rats, HILL et al. (5,6), using similar diets, found an increase in hepatic synthesis of cholesterol from acetate after feeding fat. BORTZ (7) also observed that fat feed ing to rats maintained on a fat-free diet brought about a decrease in fatty acid synthesis and an increase in cholesterol synthesis. Further, the composition of fatty acids such as linoleate, may influence cholesterol metabolism. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). We found that linoleate had no effect on the half-life of cholesterol, though it lowered plasma cholesterol (20).On the other hand, the relation between the amount of fat intake and chole sterol metabolism is not so clear. Bile acids, the metabolites of cholesterol, are necessary for the digestion and absorption of fat, so fat intake may accelerate the metabolism of cholesterol. The present experiments were therefore designed to examine the effects of varied amounts of dietary fat on overall cholesterol metabolism, using fat with a balanced composition of fatty acids.

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Effect of dietary fat on the fecal excretion of cholesterol and its degradation products in man

Cited by 134 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Effect of dietary long-chain fatty acids on the rates of cholesterol turnover processes, cholesterol origin and distribution in the rat intestinal lumen

Effect of fat intake on cholesterol turnover and bile acid formation.

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