Effect of Dietary Fat and Fiber on Fecal Flora, Bacterial Metabolites, and Fecal Properties in Japanese Volunteers.

Sugawara, Masayoshi; Suzuki, Kazutoshi; Endo, Kimiko; Tashiro, Yasuhito; Nakamura, Katsuki; Fujisawa, Tomohiko; Shiragami, Naohiro; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.3177/jnsv.38.317

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the present study, those 6‐ and 12‐month‐old children who consumed more foods high in protein and fat, such as meat, fish, sausages, and eggs, had higher activities of β‐glucosidase and β‐glucuronidase than those consuming less of these foods. This result is in agreement with the study of Sugawara et al (22), who reported that in healthy Japanese adults, a high‐fat, high‐meat diet increases the fecal activities of these enzymes. It is also of interest that the activities of fecal bacterial enzymes were affected by diet during transition to a more diversified diet, at 6 and 12 months, but not at 2 years when the adult‐type dietary pattern is already established.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Fecal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Infants Increase with Age and Adoption of Adult‐Type Diet

Mykkänen,

Tikka,

Pitkänen

et al. 1997

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Background:The present study was conducted to determine the effects of age and diet (breast milk, milk formula, weaning diet) on the activities of some bacterial enzymes in fecal samples collected from 3‐ to 24‐month‐old infants. These bacterial enzymes may generate toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic metabolites from plant glycosides (β‐glucuronidase, β‐glucosidase) or from urea (urease).Methods:The subjects were 68 healthy children ages 3 (n = 20), 6 (n = 20), 12 (n = 17), and 24 (n = 11) months. None of the children had been given any antibiotics during 4 weeks before collection of the fecal samples. Health status, bowel habits, and food consumption of the children were determined by interview of one of the parents using a structured questionnaire. A spot fecal sample from each child was collected.Results:The activities of β‐glucuronidase and β‐glucosidase increased from 0.52 and 1.17 nmol/min × mg protein (at 3 months) to 1.41 and 2.38 nmol/min × mg protein (at 2 years), respectively. However, at 2 years of age, the children had not yet reached the levels reported in earlier studies on adult populations. Urease activity increased from 4.18 nmol/min × mg protein (at 3 months) to 19.0 nmol/min × mg protein (at 2 years), reaching by 12 months of age the level observed in adults. Breast feeding as such had no consistent effect on fecal bacterial enzyme activities. β‐Glucuronidase and β‐glucosidase were higher in those 6‐ and 12‐month‐old children who consumed more meat, fish, sausages, or eggs.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the fecal enzyme activities in the gastrointestinal tract increase and that their profile changes with age and adoption of adult‐type diet. It remains open, however, whether these changes are caused by the normal physiological aging process or by stepwise introduction of new foods to the diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Fecal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Infants Increase with Age and Adoption of Adult‐Type Diet

Mykkänen,

Tikka,

Pitkänen

et al. 1997

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…In 1978, the conclusion of Cummings et al using the same approach was similar: the authors concluded that "the fecal microflora including the nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia were unaltered by the dietary changes" [18]. In 1992, Sugawara et al investigated the impact of HFD ingestion in humans; here again, they concluded that "no change of fecal flora at the bacterial group level was observed throughout the experimental period, except that the population of lactobacilli showed a tendency to increase in HFD period" [19]. Thus, based on these examples, one would conclude that dietary fatty acids do not influence the composition of intestinal bacteria.…”

Section: Dietary Lipids Modulate the Gut Microbiota: Focus On Rodent mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In 1992, Sugawara et al. investigated the impact of HFD ingestion in humans; here again, they concluded that “ no change of fecal flora at the bacterial group level was observed throughout the experimental period, except that the population of lactobacilli showed a tendency to increase in HFD period” . Thus, based on these examples, one would conclude that dietary fatty acids do not influence the composition of intestinal bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking microbes: When gut bacteria interact with diet and host organs

Cani

Everard

2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

131

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Obesity and diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. Evidence suggests that besides dietary habits and physical activity, other environmental factors, such as gut microbes, are recognized as additional partners implicated in the control of energy homeostasis. Studies on the human gut microbiota have shown that the general population can be stratified on the sole basis of three dominant bacteria (i.e., the concept of enterotypes), while some others have suggested categorizing the population according to their microbiome gene richness. Both aspects have been strengthened by recent studies investigating the impact of nutrients (e.g., dietary fibers, fat feeding) and dietary habits (i.e., vegans versus omnivores) of different populations. Using preclinical models, quite a few novel mechanisms have been proposed in these gut microbiota–host interactions, including the role of novel bacteria, the regulation of antimicrobial peptide production, the maintenance of the gut barrier function and intestinal innate immunity. In this review, we discuss several of the aforementioned aspects. Nonetheless, determining the overall mechanisms by which microbes dialogue with host cells will require further investigations before anticipating the development of next‐generation nutritional interventions using prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or even specific nutrients for promoting health benefits.

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“…During the last decade the effects of food components and/or live bacteria on the regulation of formation of bacterial metabolites and bacterial composition in the human colon have been investigated (Hidaka et al 1986;Hayakawa et al 1990;Terada et al 1992;Sugawara et al 1992). Little is known, however, about variations in these parameters between and within individuals over long periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults

Ikeda¹,

Saitō²,

Shimizu³

et al. 1994

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Variations between and within individuals, and correlations between concentrations of bacterial metabolites, including putrefactive products, ammonia and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), enzyme activities, moisture and pH, as well as bacterial composition, were studied in faecal samples from seven healthy adults over a period of 7 months. Large variations, both between and within individuals, were observed in concentrations of putrefactive products. Although values for ammonia, SCFAs, enzyme activities, moisture and pH were generally variable, significant person-to-person differences were observed. While ranges of log viable counts of the predominant bacteria such as eubacteria, bifidobacteria and bacteroides in each subject remained between 0.2 and 1.3, those of enterobacteria, streptococci (including enterococci) and lecithinase-negative clostridia varied between 0.4 and 3.0. Levels of bifidobacteria, enterobacteria, streptococci and total aerobic bacteria showed inter-individual variations. Correlations were found among certain of the parameters: moisture correlated negatively with p-cresol (r = -0.707), pH (r = -0.671) and beta-glucosidase activity (GS) (r = -0.608), and positively with acetic acid (r = 0.621), while negative correlations were observed in pH with acetic and butyric acids (r = -0.690 and -0.623, respectively). No significant correlations were found between bacterial compositions, and other faecal factors such as pH, moisture, metabolic enzyme activities and concentrations of putrefactive products.

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Effect of Dietary Fat and Fiber on Fecal Flora, Bacterial Metabolites, and Fecal Properties in Japanese Volunteers.

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Fecal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Infants Increase with Age and Adoption of Adult‐Type Diet

Fecal Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Infants Increase with Age and Adoption of Adult‐Type Diet

Talking microbes: When gut bacteria interact with diet and host organs

Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults

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