Effect of dietary eucalyptol on stress markers, enzyme activities and immune indicators in serum and haematological characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio ) exposed to toxic concentration of ambient copper

Abstract

In the present study, protective effects of dietary eucalyptol were investigated against copper toxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5% and 1% eucalyptol for 14 days before exposure to 0.25 mg/L ambient copper for 7 days. Blood samples were taken from the fish before and 1, 3 and 7 days after copper challenge. Before copper challenge, eucalyptol significantly decrease serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, but increase blood WBC, RBC, hematocrit and haemoglobin, serum lysozyme, total immunoglobulin (Ig) compared with the control. Copper exposure led to stress, tissue damage and immunosuppression. After the copper challenge, significant elevation in serum cortisol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST, but decrease in blood RBC and WBC, and serum lysozyme, complement (ACH50) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) was observed. Eucalyptol administration significantly mitigated the increase in serum cortisol, glucose, ALT and AST, and decrease in WBC, ACH50, lysozyme and total Ig. Dietary 1% eucalyptol had significantly higher protective effects than 0.5% in the case of serum AST, lysozyme, total Ig and ACH50.

Dietary 1,8‐cinoele affects serum enzymatic activities and immunological characteristics in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) exposed to ambient ammonia

“…Moreover, 0.5% cineole significantly prevented the ammonia‐induced lysozyme elevation. The results are similar to those reported by (Hoseini, Hoseinifar, et al, ), which found dietary eucalyptol significantly mitigated copper‐induced changes in immune components in common carp. Gupta et al () also found that dietary microbial levan significantly mitigated fipronil‐induced immunosuppression.…”

“…All the cineole levels were effective to reduce enzymes’ elevation after the ammonia challenge, but the most effective level was 0.5%, the only level significantly decreased serum LDH and ALT activities. Similar to the present results, dietary supplementation with eucalyptol significantly mitigated copper‐induced elevation in aminotransferase activity in common carp (Hoseini, Hoseinifar, & Doan, ). Abdel‐Tawwab () found that dietary herbal ( Panax quinquefolium ) supplementation significantly suppressed elevation in blood aminotransferase activity following copper exposure in Oreochromis niloticus .…”

“…0.1% and 0.5% dietary cineole increased serum ACH50 activity and total Ig levels, suggesting immune stimulation by cineole administration. Similarly, essential oil/extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Hoseinifar, Khodadadian Zou, Van Doan, Kolangi Miandare, & Hoseini, ) and Toona sinensis (Wu et al, ), and eucalyptol (Hoseini, Hoseinifar, et al, ) significantly improved serum ACH50 activity and total Ig levels in different species. Lysozyme activity of the treatment 0.5C was significantly higher than the other treatments before ammonia challenge.…”

“…Toxicants exposure causes immunosuppression in fish (Mazandarani & Hoseini, ; Wang, Long, Liu, Cheng, & Yan, ). Decrease in serum ACH50 activity and total Ig levels have been reported as indicators of immune suppression in fish exposed to toxicants (Hoseini, Hoseinifar, et al, ; Sharifian, Rastiannasab, & Gandomkar, ; Wang, Long, Cheng, Liu, & Yan, ). Lysozyme activity increased after ammonia challenge, which is in agreement with previous studies on different toxicants such as ammonia (Liu et al, ), chlorpyrifos (Li, Liu, et al, ) and lead (Kim & Kang, ).…”

Beneficial effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract on oxytetracycline-induced stress response, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and enzymatic changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Herbal materials are important in promoting fish immune and antioxidant capacity (Chakraborty, Horn, & Hancz, ; Hoseini, Hoseinifar, & Doan, ; Hoseini, Mirghaed, Iri, & Ghelichpour, ; Taheri Mirghaed, Hoseini, & Ghelichpour, ). A variety of herbal materials has been found to augment fish immune and antioxidant capacity, for example, Psidium guajava (Gobi et al, ), Toona sinensis (Wu, Liu, Chang, & Hsieh, ), Cynodon dactylon (Kaleeswaran, Ilavenil, & Ravikumar, ), Eriobotrya japonica (Hoseinifar, Khodadadian Zou, Doan, Kolangi Miandare, & Hoseini, ) and Salvia officinalis (Sönmez et al, ).…”