Effect of dietary energy source and immunological challenge on growth performance and immunological variables in growing pigs.

Spurlock, Michael E.; Frank, Glenn; Willis, Gawain M.; Kuske, J.; Cornelius, S. G.

doi:10.2527/1997.753720x

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This result may be explained by the action of beta-glucan in reducing the inflammatory effect caused by the synthesis of prostaglandins from the greater input of arachidonic acid (the intermediate molecule in the metabolism of linoleic acid) in the high-nutrient-density diets [38,39]. The observed values of ALT, an enzyme present in hepatocytes, suggested no damage to the liver function due to the adopted dosage of LPS.…”

Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of β-(1→3,1→6)-d-glucan and density of diets on the blood profiles of immunologically challenged weaned piglets

Saleh

Amorim

Grecco

et al. 2015

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of β-(1→3,1→6)-d-glucan and density of diets on the blood profiles of immunologically challenged weaned piglets

Saleh

Amorim

Grecco

et al. 2015

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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“…However, there have been several experiments conducted to determine the nutritional value of high-oil corn for swine (Nordstrom et al 1972;Adams and Jensen 1987;Spurlock et al 1997;O'Quinn et al 2000). These experiments have typically shown that feeding high-oil corn improved feed conversion with equal or better pig growth rates when compared with feeding normal-oil corn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with normal or high-fat oat

Thacker¹,

Soita²,

Rossnagel³

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2004. Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with normal or high-fat oat. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 229-236. The objective of this study was to compare a high-fat oat recently developed at the University of Saskatchewan with regular oat as energy sources for use in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. Seventy crossbred pigs (Pig Improvement Canada Ltd, Acme, AB) weighing an average of 27.5 ± 2.6 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial design experiment. The main effects tested included oat type (normal and high fat), level of oat inclusion (0, 25 and 50%) and sex of pig (barrows and gilts). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter (P = 0.002), crude protein (P = 0.001) and gross energy (P = 0.004) were significantly higher for pigs fed high-fat oat compared with normal oat. Pigs fed the high-fat oat also gained weight significantly faster (P = 0.01) and with increased efficiency (P = 0.01) compared with pigs fed diets containing normal oat. Oat level did not affect pig performance (P > 0.05). Neither type of oat nor level of inclusion had any significant (P > 0.05) effects on any carcass trait including dressing percent, carcass value index, lean yield, loin fat or loin lean. In conclusion, feeding diets containing a recently developed high-fat oat to pigs improved growth rate and efficiency of feed conversion compared with feeding diets containing normal-fat oat. Nutrient digestibility also improved with no negative effects on carcass quality. High-fat oat is an attractive alternative to normal oat as an energy source for growing-finishing pigs and can be fed at higher levels than are currently recommended for normal oat without hindering pig performance. . L'étude devait comparé une avoine riche en lipides récemment créée à l'Université de la Saskatchewan à l'avoine ordinaire comme source d'énergie dans les rations servies aux porcs en croissance-finition. Soixante-dix porcs hybrides (Pig Improvement Canada Ltd., Acme, Alberta) pesant en moyenne 27,5 ± 2,6 kg ont été répartis entre cinq traitements en fonction du sexe, du poids et de la portée dans le cadre d'une expérience factorielle. Les principaux facteurs examinés étaient le type d'avoine (ordinaire ou riche en lipides), la concentration d'avoine (0, 25 et 50 %) et le sexe (castrat ou truie nullipare). Le coefficient de digestibilité de la matière sèche (P = 0,002), des protéines brutes (P = 0,001) et de l'énergie brute (P = 0,004) était sensiblement plus élevé chez les animaux recevant l'avoine riche en lipides que chez ceux nourris avec de l'avoine ordinaire. Les premiers ont également grossi sensiblement plus vite (P = 0,01). La concentration d'avoine n'a aucune incidence sur le rendement des animaux (P > 0,05). Ni le type, ni la concentration d'avoine n'ont d'incidence significative (P > 0,05) sur les paramètres de la carcasse, notamment les pertes au parage, l'indice de la carcasse, le rendement en viande maigre et la proportion de graisse et de viande...

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“…In support are the several experiments that show no improvement in immune responses when additional levels of energy are supplied e.g. Van Heugten et al (1996) and Spurlock et al (1997). Therefore, only protein (amino acid) partitioning during pathogen challenges are now considered.…”

Section: Partitioning Of Scarce Protein and Energy Resources During Pmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effects of pathogen challenges on the performance of naïve and immune animals: the problem of prediction

Sandberg

Emmans

Kyriazakis

2007

Animal

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Predictive frameworks for performance under both physical and social stressors are available, but no general framework yet exists for predicting the performance of animals exposed to pathogens. The aim of this paper was to identify the key problems that would need to be solved to achieve this. Challenges of a range of hosts by a range of pathogens were reviewed to consider reductions in growth beyond those associated with reductions in voluntary food intake (VFI). Pair-feeding and marginal response studies identified the extent and mechanisms of how further reductions in growth occur beyond those caused by reduced VFI. Further reductions in growth depended on the pathogen, the host and the dose and were time dependent. In some instances the reduction in VFI fully explained the reduction in growth. Marginal response experiments showed increased maintenance requirements during exposure to pathogens, but these were different for specific amino acids. There were no clear effects on marginal efficiency. Innate immune functions, repair of damaged tissue and expression of acquired immunity caused significant but variable increases in protein (amino acid) requirements. More resistant genotypes had greater requirements for mounting immune responses. The partitioning of protein (amino acids) was found to be different during pathogen challenges. Prediction of the requirements and partitioning of amino acids between growth and immune functions appears to be a crucial problem to solve in order to predict performance during pathogen challenges of different kinds and doses. The problems of accounting for reductions in performance during pathogen challenges that are described here provide a useful starting point for future modelling and experimental solutions.Keywords: diseases, energy, growth, pathogens, protein IntroductionPredicting the effects of physical (Black et al., 1986;Wellock et al., 2003a), social (Wellock et al., 2003b and infectious (Black et al., 1999) stressors on performance is important for guiding future management, genetic selection and experimental strategies. No general model exists that predicts growth and performance of different host genotypes, when given access to different kinds of foods and challenged by pathogens. The aim of this paper was to characterise reductions in growth during exposure to different kinds and amounts of pathogen that were not caused by a reduction in voluntary food intake (Sandberg et al., 2006). This allowed for the main consequences of pathogen challenges that would need addressing in a predictive framework of growth to be identified.There is no general agreement on the overall problems that need solving in order to predict growth during pathogen challenges (Black et al., 1999; Coop and Kyriazakis, 1999;Kyriazakis, 2003;Powanda and Beisel, 2003). A general comprehensive model can provide a clearer background for the design of future experiments, and help improve our current understanding of the interactions between pathogen challenge, the host and its nutrition. To achieve t...

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Effect of dietary energy source and immunological challenge on growth performance and immunological variables in growing pigs.

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of β-(1→3,1→6)-d-glucan and density of diets on the blood profiles of immunologically challenged weaned piglets

Effects of β-(1→3,1→6)-d-glucan and density of diets on the blood profiles of immunologically challenged weaned piglets

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with normal or high-fat oat

The effects of pathogen challenges on the performance of naïve and immune animals: the problem of prediction

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