Effect of dietary dehydrated lemon peel (Citrus limon) supplementation on growth, hemato-immunolological and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under exposure to crowding stress

Chekani, Roghayeh; Akrami, Reza; Ghiasvand, Zahra; Chitsaz, H; Jorjani, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736597

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…One of the most common approaches is supplementing various additives to the fish diet. For example, seaweed in seabass, relaquax in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) [ 67 ], lemon peel ( Citrus limon ) [ 68 ], and roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) [ 69 ] mitigated stress and cortisol responsiveness in rainbow trout.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

Esmaeili

Zare

Akhavan

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Early-life exposure to mild stressors can assist animals in coping with more stressful events in later life. This study was aimed at investigating how early stress and dietary lipid contents affect growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immunological responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress responses of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) ( 6.8 ± 0.7 g). Six experimental treatments were HL0Stress (high-lipid diet and without stress), HL2Stresses (high-lipid diet and two-week stress), HL4Stresses (high-lipid diet and four-week stress), LL0Stress (low-lipid diet and without stress), LL2Stresses (low-lipid diet and two-week stress), and LL4Stresses (low-lipid diet and four-week stress). During the ten-week trial, fish fed high-lipid diets grew faster ( 46.41 ± 4.67 vs. 38.81 ± 2.81 ) and had a lower feed conversion ratio (2.21 vs. 2.60) than those fed low-lipid diets ( P < 0.05 ). After acute confinement stress (AC stress), high-lipid groups had higher survival than low-lipid treatments (81.25% vs 72.92%) ( P < 0.05 ). Fish subjected to two-time stress (2Stresses) had a higher survival rate after AC stress (90.63% vs. 62.50%), hematocrit, white blood cell, blood performance, total protein, high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglyceride, alternative complement activity (ACH50), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than those not stressed ( P < 0.05 ). Contrariwise, glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the 2Stresses groups compared with 0Stress fish ( P < 0.05 ). Collectively, these findings suggest stressing the signs of adaptation in 2Stresses fish. However, a higher number of early stress events (4Stresses) appears to exceed the threshold of manageable stress levels for this species. In conclusion, the HL2Stresses group outperformed the other treatments in terms of growth, health status, and stress responsiveness. Although fish welfare must be considered, these results suggest that early mild stress can result in a greater survival rate after fish are exposed to later acute stress.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

Esmaeili

Zare

Akhavan

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…In the current study, it was observed that there was no change in AC activity before the challenge after the administration of limonene. Although there is no comparable study available for comparison, previous research has shown that the dietary supplementation of a limonenecontaining commercial product [Digestrom P.E.P; Defaee et al [48]] or limonene-containing peel [Citrus limon; Chekani et al [49]] did not result in any change in humoral AC activity in beluga, Huso huso, and rainbow trout, respectively. Activation of the complement system occurs during bacterial diseases, including A. hydrophila infection [45,46,50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Limonene Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immunological Parameters of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila

Yousefi,

Hoseini,

Abdel Rahman

et al. 2023

Animals

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This study examined the impact of dietary limonene treatment on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The fish were fed with either a control diet (CTL; no limonene supplementation) or four experimental diets containing 50 (50 L), 100 (100 L), 200 (200 L), and 400 (400 L) mg/kg limonene over a 70-day period, followed by Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The 200 L treatment resulted in a significant decrease in FCR compared to the CTL treatment. The highest post-challenge mortality was associated with the CTL treatment (62.7%), while the 200 L treatment had the lowest mortality (30.7%). Before the challenge, dietary limonene significantly increased humoral and skin mucosal immune parameters compared to the CTL treatment. The highest leukocyte, lymphocyte counts, skin mucosal protease activity, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria were observed in the 200 L treatment before the challenge. The highest plasma lysozyme activity was observed in the 400 L treatment, whereas the highest skin mucosal lysozyme and peroxidase activities were observed in the 100 L and 200 L treatments before the challenge. There were no significant differences in the blood neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, humoral alternative complement activity, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase activity, and the intestinal total viable bacteria among the treatments before the challenge. After the challenge, the 200 L treatment exhibited the highest leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte count, skin mucosal immune parameters, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria, whereas the highest blood eosinophil count was observed in the 100 L, 200 L, and 400 L treatments. At this time, the lowest blood lymphocyte counts were observed in the 100 L and 200 L, but the lowest intestinal total viable bacteria were observed in the 100 L, 200 L, and 400 L treatments. Based on these findings, dietary limonene at 200 mg/kg is ideal for common carp to promote feed efficiency, innate immunity boosting, and resistance against A. hydrophila.

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“…Previous studies in other fish showed an enhancement in immune parameters after the administration of diets that contain either lemon or garlic or onion but separately. For example, dietary 1.5% of lemon (powder) increased some of the immune parameters like; lysozyme and total immunoglobulin of rainbow trout fed for 45 days [74]. Also, Labeo rohita fed a diet enriched with dried lemon (especially 2.5 g/Kg of fish) for 60 days, showing elevations in phagocytic, complement, and lysozyme activities and total protein compared to the control [75].…”

Section: Immune Parametersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutritional Effect of Using a Bioactive Mixture (Lemon, Onion and Garlic) on Growth Performances, Feed Utilization, Immune Status and Gene Expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abozaid,

Elnadi,

Mansour

et al. 2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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HIS study investigated the effect of a lemon, onion, and garlic (LOG) juice mixture on the Nile tilapia health and productivity including; growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, immune status and gene expression of IGF-1, IGF-2, and GH genes. 120 fish were randomly distributed among 12 tanks into four groups before fed with different iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets, containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% of LOG juice for 56 days. The results revealed significant improvements in growth performance, especially specific growth rate in all LOG groups compared to the control. Moreover, a significant increase has been recorded in crude protein percentages in fish body composition. Energy retention (ER)% and protein productive value (PPV)% displayed substantial increases in all experimental groups. Moreover, AST and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the 1.5% LOG group than the other groups. Immune parameters including lysozyme activity, antiprotease activity and total protein increased in 0.5% LOG and 1% LOG groups compared to the control. Furthermore, the dietary interventions led to a significant up-regulation of growth-related genes expression, compared to the control group, especially for IGF-1 and GH. This study demonstrates the efficacy of the bioactive mixture (LOG) in improving the Nile tilapia health; growth performance, and growth-related gene expressions and immunity. The study results recommended using LOG as a growth promoter, especially with a dose of 1.5% LOG.

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Effect of dietary dehydrated lemon peel (Citrus limon) supplementation on growth, hemato-immunolological and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under exposure to crowding stress

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

Effects of Dietary Limonene Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immunological Parameters of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila

Nutritional Effect of Using a Bioactive Mixture (Lemon, Onion and Garlic) on Growth Performances, Feed Utilization, Immune Status and Gene Expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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