Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Level upon Calcium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Balance in Swine

Vipperman, P. E.; Peo, E. R.; Cunningham, P. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1974.384758x

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This would also affect the amount of P excretion. Similar effect was found in an earlier study by Vipperman et al (1974), where a significant interaction between calcium and P was observed for P digestibility and retention.In the current version of the model, the missing interaction between Ca and P retention limits the use of the model when applied with diets that are limiting in Ca. This limitation is also demonstrated by some of the comparisons with experimental data presented in the companion paper (Symeou et al, 2014).…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

Modelling phosphorus intake, digestion, retention and excretion in growing and finishing pigs: model description

Symeou

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2014

Animal

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Low phosphorus (P) digestibility combined with intensive pig production can increase P diffuse pollution and environmental load. The aim of this paper was to develop a deterministic, dynamic model able to represent P digestion, retention and ultimately excretion in growing and finishing pigs of different genotypes, offered access to diets of different composition. The model represented the limited ability of pig endogenous phytase activity to dephosphorylate phytate as a linear function of dietary calcium (Ca). Phytate dephosphorylation in the stomach by exogenous microbial phytase enzymes was expressed by a first order kinetics relationship. The absorption of non-phytate P from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood stream was set at 0.8 and the dephosphorylated phytate from the large intestine was assumed to be indigestible. The net efficiency of using digested P was set at 0.94 and assumed to be independent of BW, and constant across genotype and sex. P requirements for both maintenance and growth were made simple functions of body protein mass, and hence functions of animal genotype. Undigested P was assumed to be excreted in the feaces in both soluble and insoluble forms. If digestible P exceeded the requirements for P then the excess digestible P was excreted through the urinary flow; thus the model represented both forms of P excretion (soluble and insoluble) into the environment. Using a UK industry standard diet, model behaviour was investigated for its predictions of P digestibility, retention and excretion under different levels of inclusion of microbial phytase and dietary Ca, and different non-phytate P : phytate ratios in the diet, thus covering a broad space of potential diet compositions. Model predictions were consistent with our understanding of P digestion, metabolism and excretion. Uncertainties associated with the underlying assumptions of the model were identified. Their consequences on model predictions, as well as the model evaluation are assessed in a companion paper.Keywords: modelling, phosphorus, phytase enzymes, phytate, pig ImplicationsCurrently there is some disagreement about the phosphorus (P) requirements of pigs of different genotypes and how digestible P contents of pig diets are calculated, especially for diets that include different amounts of phytate and nonphytate P. Achieving a balance between meeting digestible P requirements for optimum growth and health, and avoiding excess P intake would lead to a reduction in diffuse P levels in manure and effluents, and environmental impact from pig systems. A simulation model that predicts P intake, digestion, retention and excretion is the first, necessary step towards achieving this aim. IntroductionPhosphorus (P) is an important mineral for both the metabolism and skeletal development of the growing pig (NRC, 2012).In pig diets, P is the third most expensive nutrient required, after carbohydrates (energy) and protein. The high cost of P is due to the low digestibility of plant dietary P, which results in the need to sup...

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supporting

confidence: 76%

Modelling phosphorus intake, digestion, retention and excretion in growing and finishing pigs: model description

Symeou

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2014

Animal

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“…Assim, quando o nível de absorção do P não atende às exigências metabólicas, o P reciclado do osso aumenta e o excesso pode ser detectado no plasma, motivo pelo qual alguns pesquisadores consideram esta variável um indicador pouco preciso do aproveitamento do P (Vipperman Jr. et al, 1974).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Fluxo biológico do fósforo no metabolismo de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo fitase

Moreira¹,

Vitti

Lopes³

et al. 2004

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -A pesquisa foi conduzida para avaliar o fluxo biológico do P em suínos, na fase de crescimento, alimentados com dietas à base de milho, farelo de soja, farelo de arroz desengordurado e óleo de soja, isentas de P inorgânico e suplementadas com níveis crescentes de fitase (253, 759, 1.265 e 1.748 UF/kg de dieta), e destacar o melhor nível de utilização da enzima, usando modelos matemáticos. O modelo utilizado foi determinístico e compartimental, em que o trato gastrintestinal (C 1 ), o plasma C 2 , os ossos (C 3 ) e os tecidos moles (ossos, coração, figado, rins e músculos), estudados em conjunto (C 4 ), representaram os compartimentos. Foram utilizados dados de metabolismo e cinética do P nos tecidos, obtidos pela técnica de diluição isotópica. Os parâmetros estimados foram: absorção, retenção, P endógeno que retorna ao trato gastrintestinal, P dietético absorvido, incorporação, reabsorção, balanço de P, P proveniente do osso, dos tecidos moles e do total absorvido que retorna ao trato gastrintestinal. O modelo biomatemático utilizado mostrou-se eficiente em explicar o fluxo do fósforo no organismo de suínos em crescimento. A fitase interferiu no fluxo biológico do P do compartimento C 1 para o C 3 e no refluxo dos compartimentos C 3 e C 4 para o C 1 . O nível 759 UF/kg de ração disponibilizou mais eficientemente o fósforo orgânico para o metabolismo dos suínos.Palavras-chave: absorção, cinética, modelos matemáticos, perdas endógenas, radiofósforo Biological P Flow on Metabolism of Pigs Fed Diets Containg PhytaseABSTRACT -The study was conducted to evaluate the biological flow of P in pigs fed diets based on corn, soybean meal, defatted rice bran (DRB) and soybean oil, with increasing phytase levels (253, 759, 1265 and 1748 PU/kg of diet), using mathematics models. The model was deterministic and compartimental, in which the gastrintestinal tract (GIT) (C 1 ), the plasma C 2 , the bones (C 3 ) and the soft tissues (liver, heart, kidney and muscle) (C 4 ) represented the compartments. Metabolism data and kinetics of P in tissues were used in the model, obtained by the isotopic dilution technique. The parameters used were: absorption, retention, endogenous P that return to the gastrintestinal tract (GIT), dietary absorbed P, accretion, reabsorption, balance of P in bone and soft tissues and P from total absorbed that returned the GIT. The biomathematical model used is adequate to explain the P flow in growing pig. The phytase enzyme interfere in biological flow of P from compartment C 1 to C 3 and with the output flow of P from compartment C 3 and C 4 to C 1. The level of 759 PU of phytase in diet of growing pig availability more efficientily the organic phosphorus for the pigs metabolism.Key Words: absorption, endogenous losses, kinetics, mathematic model, radiophosphorus R. Bras. Zootec., v.33, n.6, p.2066-2075, 2004 (Supl. 2) 1 Parte da tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor apresentada ao CENA/USP -Piracicaba, SP, como um dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Doutor em ciência. IntroduçãoOs animais ...

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“…Os valores do P retido revelam relação linear positiva entre a retenção (Y) e o consumo de P (X), expressa pela equação: Ŷ = -23,706 + 0,615X; R 2 =0,8876, P<0,01, o que está de acordo com o observado por MUDD et al (1969) e VIPPERMAN JR. et al (1974, em dietas de leitões em crescimento, com o P variando entre 0,38 e 1,47% e 0,25 e 0,75%, respectivamente.…”

Section: Lopes Et Alunclassified

“…Este valor é praticamente o mesmo obtido, levando em consideração técnica da diluição isotópica para avaliação das perdas endógenas (38,58 mg P/kg peso/dia), o que reforça o balanço de P, como importante indicativo Tabela 2 -Valores das variáveis em função das dietas experimentais Plasm P na determinação da exigência deste mineral para suínos. Com relação à absorção de P, observou-se resposta linear positiva com o consumo deste mineral, equação: Ŷ = -35,925 + 0,7888X; R 2 =0,9472; P<0,01, o que está de acordo com os resultados observados nos trabalhos de MILLER et al (1964), VIPPERMAN JR., et al (1974), BELLAVER et al (1983) e FERNANDEZ (1995a. Já o coeficiente de absorção do P apresentou resposta quadrática ao consumo de P equação: Ŷ = -0,1068 + 0,0064X -0,000013X 2 ; R 2 =0,70; P<0,01.…”

Section: Lopes Et Alunclassified

Avaliação das perdas endógenas e das exigências de fósforo, por meio da técnica da diluição isotópica, para suínos em crescimento

Lopes¹,

Vitti

Figueirêdo³

et al. 1999

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Esta pesquisa foi realizada para determinar as perdas endógenas mínimas, as exigências nutricionais de fósforo (P) para mantença, a biodisponibilidade do P de fosfato bicálcico e a variação da concentração de P no plasma, em suínos de 20 kg PV. Os suínos foram alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de P total (0,30; 0,40; 0,51; 0,65; e 0,73%). Vinte leitões híbridos comerciais, machos, castrados, foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas por um período de sete dias de adaptação e sete dias de coleta total de fezes, urina e amostras de sangue. No primeiro dia da fase de coleta, cada animal foi injetado, por via endovenosa, com 7,4 MBq de 32 P, como traçador. Os valores de P endógeno fecal foram de 8,59; 8,43; 9,81; 11,28; e 12,75 mg P/kg PV•dia; P retido, 25,68; 67,05; 108,29; 131,56; e 135,88 mg P/kg PV•dia; e P absorvido, 34,55; 75,93; 124,41; 162,97; e 175,00 mg P/kg PV•dia, respectivamente, para as dietas A, B, C, D e E. A perda endógena fecal mínima dos leitões foi de 23,92 mg P/kg PV•dia e a exigência diária de P para mantença de leitões, em dietas suplementadas com fosfato bicálcico, de 38,55 mg/kg PV·dia. A disponibilidade biológica de P do fosfato bicálcico foi de 90,30%.Palavras-chave: rádiofósforo, suíno, nutrição, absorção real Evaluation of Endogenous Fecal Losses and of Phosphorus Requirements for Swines in the Growing Phase Based on Isotopic Dilution TechniqueABSTRACT -This research was conducted to determine the minimum endogenous losses, the nutritional requirement of phosphorus (P) for maintenance, the biological availability of P from dicalcium phosphate and the variation of plasma P concentration in swine of 20 kg LW. The pigs were fed diets containing different levels of total phosphorus (.30, .40, .51, .65 and .73%). Twenty commercial crossbred barrows were maintained in metabolic cages for a seven-day period of adaptation and seven days of total collection of feces, urine and blood samples. In the first day of the collection period, each animal was injected intravenously with 7.4 MBq of 32 P as metabolic tracer. The values of endogenous fecal P were of 8. 59, 8.43, 9.81, 11.28, and 12.75 mg P/kg LW•day, of P retained were 25.68, 67.05, 108.29, 131.56, and 135.88 mg P/kg LW•day, and of absorption P were 34. 55, 75.93, 124.41, 162.97, and 175.00 mg P/ kg LW•day, respectively, for diets A, B, C, D and E. The minimum endogenous fecal loss was 23.92 mg /kg LW•day and the daily P requirement for maintenance of pigs, in diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, was 38.58 mg P/kg LW•day. The biological availability of P from dicalcium phosphate was 90.30%.

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Effect of Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Level upon Calcium, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Balance in Swine

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Modelling phosphorus intake, digestion, retention and excretion in growing and finishing pigs: model description

Modelling phosphorus intake, digestion, retention and excretion in growing and finishing pigs: model description

Fluxo biológico do fósforo no metabolismo de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo fitase

Avaliação das perdas endógenas e das exigências de fósforo, por meio da técnica da diluição isotópica, para suínos em crescimento

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