Effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of Jian carp with Aeromonas hydrophila

Dietary myo-inositol modulates immunity through antioxidant activity and the Nrf2 and E2F4/cyclin signalling factors in the head kidney and spleen following infection of juvenile fish with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…These optimal MI levels were higher than the growth requirement (518.0 mg kg À1 diet) proposed in our previous study [5]. These results indicated that the diet should supply minimum MI levels to meet the requirements for normal immune system performance and to protect/restore tissues from collateral damage; excessive levels above these requirements are not required as indicated by our previous study with arginine [8] (Fig. 6).…”

“…Our previous studies demonstrated that optimal MI could maintain the health of fish intestines and thus enhance fish growth [5e7]. Fish growth is often related to disease resistance [8] which is always associated with the immune response of immune organs [9]. The head kidney and spleen are the primary immune organs in teleost fish [10].…”

Effects of dietary essential amino acid deficiencies on the growth performance and humoral immune response in silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) juveniles

“…The activity of certain transaminases like AST and ALT is known to play a key role in mobilizing l ‐amino acids for gluconeogenesis and function as a link between carbohydrate and protein metabolism under altered physiological conditions (Chen et al., ). Both enzymes are extensively investigated in fish stress and health studies and are commonly recognized as a valuable tool for tissue damage detection (Olsen, Sundell, Mayhew, Myklebust & Ringø, ; Welker & Congleton, ).…”

Optimal dietary protein level improved growth, disease resistance, intestinal immune and physical barrier function of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…These results implied that optimal dietary protein levels for young grass carp based on disease resistance, immune-related and antioxidant-related indices were slightly higher than that on the growth performance, indicating that dietary proteins could supply minimum levels to meet requirements for normal intestinal immune and physical barrier functions and to protect/restore tissues from damage in fish. Similarly, Chen et al [104] reported that the requirements for arginine based on an immunity requirement was also slightly higher than that on a growth requirement in Jian carp.…”