Effect of dietary administration of kynurenic acid on the activity of splenocytes of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Małaczewska, Joanna; Siwicki, Andrzej K.; Wójcik, Roman; Kaczorek, Edyta; Turski, Waldemar A.

doi:10.5114/ceji.2013.39764

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, our earlier study demonstrated that KYNA has antioxidant properties in in vitro conditions, whereas in ex vivo circumstances, it stimulated oxidative processes (Małaczewska et al . and Małaczewska et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Our previous research involving KYNA was focused on the action of the immune system in rainbow trout in response to supplementation in feeds (Małaczewska et al 2013). We demonstrate that KYNA can affect the immune system, but the actual effect largely depends on a dose of the acid and duration of its supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, research on fish and KYNA has involved only the influence on the immune system and behaviour, but these investigations cannot provide us with definite answers about the effect of kynurenic acid on the functioning of a whole organism (Małaczewska et al . ; Robinson et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments on rats have demonstrated that KYNA is effectively absorbed from intestines to blood, with which it is transported to the liver and kidneys (Fukui et al 1991;Turski et al 2009). Until now, research on fish and KYNA has involved only the influence on the immune system and behaviour, but these investigations cannot provide us with definite answers about the effect of kynurenic acid on the functioning of a whole organism (Małaczewska et al 2013;Robinson et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri

Kaczorek

Szarek

Mikiewicz

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous substance produced on the kynurenine pathway which is primarily known for its neuroactive properties. Recently, it has been proven that KYNA is a selective ligand for G protein-coupled receptor (GPR 35), presented on immunocompetent cells such as T lymphocytes. This opens up new possibilities of its application as an immunostimulating substance in aquaculture. Thus far, no histopathological investigations in fish have been completed to evaluate influence of KYNA supplementation in feed. This study has been undertaken to determine the effect of feed supplementation with KYNA (2.5, 25, 250 mg kg of feed) for 28 days on the liver, gills and kidney in healthy fish and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri. In a control group were observed a fatty liver, which is natural for this fish species in the autumn and winter season. As the dose of the supplement was increased, the fat liver changed, it decreased or completely disappeared. Additionally, inflammatory changes occurred in all the analysed organs, and their intensification was dose dependent. In the fish experimentally infected, KYNA caused aggravation of the signs in the liver, kidneys and gills, and the effect was dose dependent. The results implicate that KYNA may be a stressor for fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri

Kaczorek

Szarek

Mikiewicz

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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show abstract

“…It is not yet firmly stated whether KYNA exerts a positive or negative action in bowel diseases as an increase in the level of KYNA in colon neoplasia cannot be properly interpreted due to a lack of knowledge on its mechanism of action in the mentioned diseases (Forrest et al., ; Clarke et al., ; Christmas et al., ). Recently, an immunotropic activity of dietary administered KYNA in rainbow trout was reported (Malaczewska et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and content of kynurenic acid in animal feed

Turski

Zgrajka

Siwicki

et al. 2014

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Kynurenic acid (KYNA) was found to be an antagonist of iontropic glutamate receptors and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, it was documented that KYNA is an agonist of G-protein coupled GPR35 receptors which are mainly present in the gastrointestinal tract. It was also found that KYNA is present in the gastrointestinal tract and that its concentration gradually increases along it. The origin of KYNA in the gastrointestinal tract is not known. Both might be synthesized from tryptophan in it or absorbed from food and other dietary products. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of KYNA in animal feed. The results indicate that the highest concentration of KYNA was found in animal feeds intended for livestock. The lower amount of KYNA was detected in animal feeds for fish. Interestingly, the lowest amount of KYNA was found in dog and cat feeds. Furthermore, an analysis of KYNA content in animal food ingredients was conducted. The concentration of KYNA found in one of the ingredients – rapeseed meal – was several times higher in comparison to animal feeds studied. The content of KYNA in the remaining feed ingredients tested was significantly lower. This is the first report on the concentration of KYNA in animal feeds. There is a need for further detailed analysis leading to establishing a set of guidelines for animal feeding.

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Effect of oral administration of kynurenic acid on the activity of the peripheral blood leukocytes in mice

Małaczewska¹,

Siwicki²,

Wójcik³

et al. 2014

cejoi

Self Cite

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Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a selective ligand of the GPR35 receptor, expressed mainly on the immune cells. In inflammatory conditions, by affecting this receptor, KYNA inhibits the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and probably protects tissues from oxidative damage. However, we lack data regarding the effect of exogenous KYNA on the activity of immune cells in healthy individuals. The objective of this study has been to determine the influence of kynurenic acid administered to mice in different doses (2.5, 25 or 250 mg/l) and for different time periods (3, 7, 14, 28 days) in drinking water, on the activity of their peripheral blood leukocytes. The determinations comprised the proliferative activity of lymphocytes (MTT assay) and the phagocytic activity as well as the respiratory burst activity of granulocytes and monocytes (Phagotest, Phagoburst). It was only the lowest KYNA dose that influenced the mitogenic response of lymphocytes, namely by increasing the proliferation of T cells. The impact on the phagocytic activity was varied with KYNA dose and administration time. However, all the KYNA doses significantly lowered the activity of oxidative burst in phagocytes, which was probably associated with its antioxidant properties. In the light of the research results, kynurenic acid may find applications as an immuno-modulating agent able to correct an excessive or insufficient response of phagocytizing cells, protecting an organism from oxidative stress.

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Effect of dietary administration of kynurenic acid on the activity of splenocytes of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri

Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri

Presence and content of kynurenic acid in animal feed

Effect of oral administration of kynurenic acid on the activity of the peripheral blood leukocytes in mice

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