Effect of diet quantity and urea supplementation on oocyte and embryo quality in sheep

Papadopoulos, S.; Lonergan, Patrick; Gath, V.; Quinn, K.; Evans, A.C.O.; O'Callaghan, D.; Boland, M.P.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00466-6

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dietary intake can also affect oocyte morphology (O'Callaghan et al 2000), oocyte developmental capacity and embryo production: overfeeding has been shown to be detrimental to oocyte quality and embryo development in vivo (Mantovani et al 1993, McEvoy et al 1995, Negrao et al 1997 and in vitro (Papadopoulos et al 2001), whereas dietary restriction could have a positive effect on oocyte quality (Lozano et al 2003) and blastocyst production in vitro (McEvoy et al 1997, Nolan et al 1998a, Armstrong et al 2001. The way nutrition influences embryo production remains to be fully characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers

Fréret¹,

Grimard²,

Ponter³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

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The aim of our study was to test whether a reduction in dietary intake could improve in vitro embryo production in superovulated overfed dairy heifers. Cumulus-oocyte complexes of 16 Prim' Holstein heifers (14 6 1 months old) were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU), every 2 weeks following superovulation treatment with 250 mg FSH, before being matured and fertilized in vitro. Embryos were cultured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium for 7 days. Heifers were fed with hay, soybean meal, barley, minerals and vitamins. From OPU 1 to 4 (period 1), all heifers received individually for 8 weeks a diet formulated for a 1000 g/day live-weight gain. From OPU 5 to 8 (period 2), the heifers were allocated to one of two diets (1000 or 600 g/day) for 8 weeks. Heifers' growth rates were monitored and plasma concentrations of metabolites, metabolic and reproductive hormones were measured each week. Mean live-weight gain observed during period 1 was 950 6 80 g/day (n 5 16). In period 2 it was 730 6 70 (n 5 8) and 1300 6 70 g/day (n 5 8) for restricted and overfed groups respectively. When comparing period 1 and period 2 within groups, significant differences were found. In the restricted group, a higher blastocyst rate, greater proportions of grade 1-3 and grade 1 embryos, associated with higher estradiol at OPU and lower glucose and b-hydroxybutyrate, were observed in period 2 compared with period 1. Moreover, after 6 weeks of dietary restriction (OPU 7), numbers of day 7 total embryos, blastocysts and grade 1-3 embryos had significantly increased. On the contrary, in the overfed group, we observed more <8 mm follicles 2 days before superovulation treatment, higher insulin and IGF-I and lower nonesterified fatty acids in period 2 compared with period 1 (no significant difference between periods for embryo production). After 6 weeks of 1300 g/day live-weight gain (OPU 7), embryo production began to decrease. Whatever the group, oocyte collection did not differ between period 1 and 2. These data suggest that following a period of overfeeding, a short-term dietary intake restriction (6 weeks in our study) may improve blastocyst production and embryo quality when they are low. However, nutritional recommendations aiming to optimize both follicular growth and embryonic development may be different.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers

Fréret¹,

Grimard²,

Ponter³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

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“…In this case, the rumen microflora cannot maximise microbial protein synthesis from dietary nitrogen, urea or ammonium. Furthermore, dietary protein may also be deaminated and used as a microbial energy source, thereby releasing even larger amounts of ammonium into the circulation and increasing the risk of toxicity before it is converted to urea and removed by the kidneys (McDonald et al 1995, Papadopoulos et al 2001. Effects on fertility are particularly evident when such dietary changes are implemented around the time of mating or insemination (Papadopoulos et al 2001, Dawuda et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, dietary protein may also be deaminated and used as a microbial energy source, thereby releasing even larger amounts of ammonium into the circulation and increasing the risk of toxicity before it is converted to urea and removed by the kidneys (McDonald et al 1995, Papadopoulos et al 2001. Effects on fertility are particularly evident when such dietary changes are implemented around the time of mating or insemination (Papadopoulos et al 2001, Dawuda et al 2002. Whether elevated systemic concentrations of ammonia/ammonium (pKa ¼ 9.24) or urea in ruminants reduce embryo survival by disrupting the follicular, oviductal and/or uterine environments remains a topic of discussion (Fahey et al 2001, Papadopoulos et al 2001, Kenny et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effects on fertility are particularly evident when such dietary changes are implemented around the time of mating or insemination (Papadopoulos et al 2001, Dawuda et al 2002. Whether elevated systemic concentrations of ammonia/ammonium (pKa ¼ 9.24) or urea in ruminants reduce embryo survival by disrupting the follicular, oviductal and/or uterine environments remains a topic of discussion (Fahey et al 2001, Papadopoulos et al 2001, Kenny et al 2002. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that cattle with increased circulatory levels of urea had altered uterine fluid composition, decreased uterine pH and reduced conception rates (Papadopoulos et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether elevated systemic concentrations of ammonia/ammonium (pKa ¼ 9.24) or urea in ruminants reduce embryo survival by disrupting the follicular, oviductal and/or uterine environments remains a topic of discussion (Fahey et al 2001, Papadopoulos et al 2001, Kenny et al 2002. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that cattle with increased circulatory levels of urea had altered uterine fluid composition, decreased uterine pH and reduced conception rates (Papadopoulos et al 2001). Despite having no effect on ovulation rate (Fahey et al 2001), elevated systemic urea adversely affects oocytes and/or the follicular environment, and leads to reduced embryo development and quality, in terms of disrupted blastocyst metabolism, possibly through alterations in reproductive tract pH (McEvoy et al 1997, Hammon et al 2000b, Fahey et al 2001, Papadopoulos et al 2001, Dawuda et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonium exposure and pyruvate affect the amino acid metabolism of bovine blastocysts in vitro

Orsi¹,

Leese²

2004

Reproduction

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The accumulation of ammonium is a major artefact of in vitro embryo culture. This study has examined ammonium production and potential mechanisms of disposal in preimplantation bovine blastocysts. Embryos were produced by in vitro maturation and fertilisation of oocytes, and cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid containing amino acids and BSA (SOFaaBSA). Ammonium/urea concentrations were determined enzymatically. Amino acid appearance/disappearance 'profiles' of single blastocysts were determined at 0, 1.25 and 2.5 mM NH 4 Cl (with or without 0.33 mM pyruvate), and with or without 10 mM dipicolinic acid (DPCA; a glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) inhibitor) or 2 mM amino-oxyacetate (AOA; a transaminase inhibitor). Free ammonium was produced at a rate of 4.281 (6 0.362) pmol/embryo/h, while urea production was undetectable. The presence/absence of pyruvate affected amino acid profiles, especially alanine appearance (P < 0.001), glutamate disappearance (P < 0.05) and overall turnover (the sum of appearance and disappearance) (P < 0.001). GLDH inhibition with DPCA had no effect on amino acid overall disappearance, but glutamate disappearance increased, while that of arginine decreased (P < 0.05). The transaminase inhibitor, AOA, depressed turnover (P < 0.05), aspartate and glutamate disappearance, and alanine appearance. Thus, bovine blastocysts release ammonium as free ions or fix them, not as urea, but as alanine, possibly glutamine and, less likely, arginine. An active role for GLDH and transaminases in regulating blastocyst amino acid metabolism was demonstrated.

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Maternal Diet, Oocyte Nutrition and Metabolism, and Offspring Health

Velazquez

Fleming

2012

Oogenesis

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Effect of diet quantity and urea supplementation on oocyte and embryo quality in sheep

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers

Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers

Ammonium exposure and pyruvate affect the amino acid metabolism of bovine blastocysts in vitro

Maternal Diet, Oocyte Nutrition and Metabolism, and Offspring Health

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