Effect of Diet on In Vitro and In Vivo Rumen Lactate Disappearance Rate in Sheep2

We, Kunkle; Aw, Fetter; Rl, Preston

doi:10.2527/jas1976.4251256x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…6, 1979 these studies was to stimulate rumen lactylytic activity by adding lactic acid to a hay (H) diet and thereby facilitate subsequent adaptation of lambs to a high (90%) concentrate diet. Previous studies (Kunkle et al, 1976;Huntington and Britton, 1978) have shown increased in vitro lactate disappearance (IVLD) in response to lactic acid addition to a H diet. Another objective was to find the optimum level of lactic acid to add to the H. Criteria include in vitro rumen fluid lactate disappearance, rumen fluid and blood serum pH and lactate concentrations, blood serura mineral concentrations and blood acid-base status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid on Rumen Lactate Metabolism and Blood Acid-Base Status of Lambs Switched from Low to High Concentrate Diets

Huntington

Britton

1979

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted with ruminally fistulated wether lambs to determine the effect of lactic acid addition to a hay diet on rumen lactate metabolism, blood acid-base status and subsequent adaptation to a high concentrate diet. In Exp. 1, lambs were fed mature brome hay (H), H plus 5% (w/w) D,L lactic acid (H5L) or H plus 10% lactic acid (H10L) (three lambs per treatment) for 14 days (phase I) then switched to a 90% concentrate diet for 2 days (phase II). In Exp. 2, lambs were fed alfalfa-brome hay (H) (six lambs), H plus 2.5% lactic acid (H2.5L) (six lambs) or H plus 5% lactic acid (H5L) (four lambs) during phase I, then switched to a 70% concentrate diet (3 days) followed by a 90% concentrate diet (10 days) (phase II). During both experiments rumen fluid samples were taken periodically for pH and lactate analyses and in vitro L- or D-lactate disappearance (IVLD) studies. Blood samples were taken to measure acid-base status, serum lactate, and serum calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Dietary lactic acid enhanced IVLD during phase I of both experiments. L and D isomer IVLD rates were similar and followed zero-order kinetics. In Exp. 2, IVLD increased rapidly during phase II in response to increased concentrate level in the diet; the enhanced rates of H2.5L and H5L lambs were sustained for the first 3 days of phase II. Blood data from both experiments indicated a deleterious effect of dietary lactic acid on blood acid-base balance; however, this treatment effect was not manifested in any symptoms of acute acidosis. There was a decrease (P less than .05) in serum calcium during phase II of both experiments. In Experiment 1, serum calcium increased linearly (P less than .05) in response to dietary lactic acid level. In Exp. 1, rumen fluid total lactate and L-lactate were lower (P less than .05) for H5L vs H lambs during phase II. However, all lambs in Exp. 1 experienced acute acidosis; four of the nine lambs subsequently died. There was evidence of acidosis in Exp. 2, but there were no clear treatment effects during phase II on rumen fluid pH or lactate, or feed intake. All lambs adapted to the high concentrate diets as evidenced by rumen lactate levels and feed intakes. In both experiments, the proportion of L-lactate in rumen fluid decreased from almost 100 to about 50% of total lactate by the end of phase II.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid on Rumen Lactate Metabolism and Blood Acid-Base Status of Lambs Switched from Low to High Concentrate Diets

Huntington

Britton

1979

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Lactate-producing bacteria are particularly stimulated by high-starch feeds. Although some starch promotes efficiency of the rumen fermentation, large amounts of starch are detrimental to an unadapted animal, because the poorly controlled starch fermentation causes a decrease in rumen pH, which can lead to acidosis and even death of the animal (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation of Cottonseed and Other Feedstuffs in Cattle Rumen Fluid

Schneider

Ames

Rasmussen

et al. 2002

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Bovine rumen fluid was fermented anaerobically over 48 h with cottonseed, corn, alfalfa, or a mixture of these substrates in anaerobic mineral buffer. Samples taken at different incubation times were derivatized with nbutanol and subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. No unusual fermentation end-products from the cottonseed substrate were detected. Cottonseed supported rumen fermentation at levels comparable to those of the other substrates. Major components were usually found in the decreasing order of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate, although acetate and propionate concentrations decreased late in the alfalfa and mixed-feed fermentations, eventually allowing butyrate concentrations to exceed those of propionate. As expected, lactate was produced in high concentrations when corn was fermented. The minor components 2-methylpropionate, 2-and 3-methylbutyrate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, and caproate also accumulated, with their relative concentrations varying with the substrate. Succinate was produced in substantial amounts only when corn and alfalfa were fermented; it did not accumulate when cottonseed was the substrate. Samples containing cottonseed were derivatized and subjected to reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography, revealing that gossypol concentrations did not change during fermentation. Disciplines Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering | Biological Engineering | Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering | Chemical Engineering CommentsPosted with permission from Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, no. 8 (2002) Bovine rumen fluid was fermented anaerobically over 48 h with cottonseed, corn, alfalfa, or a mixture of these substrates in anaerobic mineral buffer. Samples taken at different incubation times were derivatized with n-butanol and subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. No unusual fermentation end-products from the cottonseed substrate were detected. Cottonseed supported rumen fermentation at levels comparable to those of the other substrates. Major components were usually found in the decreasing order of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate, although acetate and propionate concentrations decreased late in the alfalfa and mixed-feed fermentations, eventually allowing butyrate concentrations to exceed those of propionate. As expected, lactate was produced in high concentrations when corn was fermented. The minor components 2-methylpropionate, 2-and 3-methylbutyrate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, and caproate also accumulated, with their relative concentrations varying with the substrate. Succinate was produced in substantial amounts only when corn and alfalfa were fermented; it did not accumulate when cottonseed was the substrate. Samples containing cottonseed were derivatized and subjected to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, revealing that gossypol concentrations did not change during fermentation.

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“…The changes in bacterial numbers in experiment 2 ( Table 4) suggest that the increase in lactate-utilising activity in response to intraruminal additions of lactate observed in earlier studies24. 25 probably derived from a general increase in bacterial numbers rather than from a specific increase in the proportion of lactate-utilisers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of defaunation on the metabolism of lactic acid in the rumen

1986

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Newbold, J., Chamberlain, D. G., Williams, A. G. (1986). The effects of defaunation on the metabolism of lactic acid in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 37 (11), 1083-1090.Two experiments examined the effects of defaunation on the ruminal metabolism of lactate. Three rumen-cannulated sheep given a diet of molassed sugar beet pulp and barley (80:20) were used to study the effects of defaunation (with manoxol-OT) on the metabolism of lactic acid produced endogenously from rumen fermentation. Defaunation increased mean ruminal concentrations of lactate from 3.4 mmol litre?1 to 8.9 mmol litre?1 but other rumen measurements remained virtually unchanged: pH, 6.3 and 6.3; molar proportions of acetic acid, 645 and 645 mmol mol?1; propionic acid, 189 and 197 mmol mol?1 and butyric acid 142 and 115 mmol mol?1 for the faunated and defaunated states respectively. In a second experiment, two groups each of four rumen-cannulated sheep were used to study the effect of defaunation on the ruminal metabolism of added Na-D, L lactate. One group of four was defaunated using a rumen-washing technique whilst the other group of four remained faunated. The animals were given a diet of rolled barley and hay (60:40) and were given a series of intraruminal doses of Na-D, L lactate from 0 to 100 g day?1, increasing by 20 g day?1 every third day. Disappearance of added lactate was much more rapid in faunated animals: at the 100 g day?1 dose rate, L-lactate concentrations had fallen from a peak of 6 g litre?1 to >1 g litre?1 after 3 h whereas in defaunated sheep the peak of 6.5 g litre?1 was reduced to >1 g litre?1 only after 7 h. In faunated animals lactate addition caused an increase in the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) from 147 to 217 mmol litre?1 between the zero and 100 g day?1 dose rates, accompanied by an increase in the molar proportion of propionic acid from 190 to 320 mmol mol?1. However, in defaunated animals there was only a small increase in total VFA concentrations from 94 to 106 mmol ml?1 with no change in the molar proportion of propionic acid and a small increase in butryric acid from 140 to 180 mmol mol?1.Peer reviewe

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Effect of Diet on In Vitro and In Vivo Rumen Lactate Disappearance Rate in Sheep2

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid on Rumen Lactate Metabolism and Blood Acid-Base Status of Lambs Switched from Low to High Concentrate Diets

Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid on Rumen Lactate Metabolism and Blood Acid-Base Status of Lambs Switched from Low to High Concentrate Diets

Fermentation of Cottonseed and Other Feedstuffs in Cattle Rumen Fluid

The effects of defaunation on the metabolism of lactic acid in the rumen

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