Effect of diet-induced weight loss on plasma apelin and cytokine levels in individuals with the metabolic syndrome

Heinonen, Miika; Laaksonen, David E.; Karhu, Toni; Karhunen, Leila; Laitinen, Tomi; Kainulainen, Samu; Rissanen, Aila; Niskanen, Leo; Herzig, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.12.008

Cited by 85 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These studies support the idea that resistin levels may serve as an informative marker for metabolic disease in humans, particularly type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis [76][77][78][79]74]. Future studies are required to investigate the therapeutic potential of resistin inhibition.…”

Section: Resistinsupporting

confidence: 65%

Adipokines and their Involvement as a Target of New Drugs

Raimo¹

2015

J Pharmacovigil

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Globesity is referred to a global epidemic of obesity, affecting millions of individuals. Molecules released by the enlarged adipose tissue, most of which are pro-inflammatory, have been named adipokines. The present review deals with function, molecular targets and the potential clinical relevance of adipokines. Currently, more than 600 adipokines have been identified, many of them, including leptin, visfatin, resistin as well as Retinol Binding Protein4 may serve as informative markers for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and play important roles in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity as well as metabolic regulation of energy expenditure. Adiponectin on the contrary exerts anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing activity. Adiponectin has additional anti-atherogenic effects and low adiponectin serum concentrations are associated with in creased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The understanding of the role of adipokines has provided a wealth of information that has opened great opportunities for new therapeutic advances. Adiponectin may be the most prominent example for the potential use of an adipokine in the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. In many studies, administration of recombinant adiponectin results in improved insulin sensitivity, increased insulin secretion and beneficial effects on body weight and hyperglycemia. Up-regulation of adiponectin/adiponectin receptors or enhancing adiponectin receptor function may be an interesting therapeutic strategy for obesity-linked insulin resistance. Moreover, the therapeutic use of combined amylin/leptin agonism (with pramlintide and metreleptin) demonstrated a significant weight-lowering effect in obese subjects. Therefore, adipokines may be clinically relevant either as therapeutic tools or as target in the treatment of obesity related diseases. Journal of PharmacovigilanceJou rn a l o f P harma c o v ig il a nc e

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Section: Resistinsupporting

confidence: 65%

Adipokines and their Involvement as a Target of New Drugs

Raimo¹

2015

J Pharmacovigil

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“…Changes in apelin levels after weight loss or bariatric surgery in obese individuals were also investigated. Dietinduced weight loss decreases apelin levels in moderate obese women [154] but not significantly in patients with the MetS [155] or in obese children [156] . Bariatric surgery resulted in a significant decrease in apelin levels only in morbidly obese patients exhibiting impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes before surgery [151] .…”

Section: Apelinmentioning

confidence: 93%

Adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in coronary artery disease

Golia¹,

Limongelli²,

Natale³

et al. 2014

WJC

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Obesity has become an important public health issue in Western and developing countries, with well known metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In the last decades, evidence have been growing about the active role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ in determining these pathological consequences. As a consequence of the expansion of fat depots, in obese subjects, adipose tissue cells develope a phenotypic modification, which turns into a change of the secretory output. Adipocytokines produced by both adipocytes and adipose stromal cells are involved in the modulation of glucose and lipid handling, vascular biology and, moreover, participate to the systemic inflammatory response, which characterizes obesity and metabolic syndrome. This might represent an important pathophysiological link with atherosclerotic complications and cardiovascular events. A great number of adipocytokines have been described recently, linking inflammatory mileu and vascular pathology. The understanding of these pathways is crucial not only from a pathophysiological point of view, but also to a better cardiovascular disease risk stratification and to the identification of possible therapeutic targets. The aim of this paper is to review the role of Adipocytokines as a possible link between obesity and vascular disease. Key words: Adipocytokines; Obesity; Metabolic syndrome; Coronary artery disease; Inflammation Core tip: Our article, provide a comprehensive review of the evidence about adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk, focusing on the pathophysiological and clinical role of fat-derived mediators, the so-called adipocytokines.

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“…However, studies in humans have shown an increase in plasma apelin levels in obesity, morbid obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and T2DM with a reduction in apelin levels accompanying weight loss following diet or bariatric surgery. These findings suggest the presence of resistance to apelin, in a similar fashion to insulin and leptin (Heinonen et al 2005, Li et alApelin has also been shown to have a pro-inflammatory role with a close positive correlation demonstrated between apelin and TNFa levels, as well as other proinflammatory cytokines (Malyszko et al 2008, Heinonen et al 2009, Yu et al 2012. Apelin expression also closely correlates with TNFa in adipose tissue of lean and obese individuals, and in vitro studies of cultured human adipose tissue explants show an up-regulation of apelin in response to TNFa (Daviaud et al 2006).…”

Section: New 'Kines' On the Blockmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adipokine inflammation and insulin resistance: the role of glucose, lipids and endotoxin

Piya¹,

McTernan²,

Kumar³

2012

Journal of Endocrinology

221

165

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Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ, and our knowledge of this secretory tissue, in recent years, has led us to completely rethink how our body functions and becomes dysregulated with weight gain. Human adipose tissue appears to act as a multifunctional secretory organ with the capacity to control energy homoeostasis through peripheral and central regulation of energy homoeostasis. It also plays an important role in innate immunity. However, the capability to more than double its original mass to cope with positive energy balance in obesity leads to many pathogenic changes. These changes arise within the adipose tissue as well as inducing secondary detrimental effects on other organs like muscle and liver, including chronic low-grade inflammation mediated by adipocytokines (adipokine inflammation). This inflammation is modulated by dietary factors and nutrients including glucose and lipids, as well as gut bacteria in the form of endotoxin or LPS. The aim of this current review is to consider the impact of nutrients such as glucose and lipids on inflammatory pathways, specifically within adipose tissue. Furthermore, how nutrients such as these can influence adipokine inflammation and consequently insulin resistance directly through their effects on secretion of adipocytokines (TNFa, IL6 and resistin) as well as indirectly through increases in endotoxin is discussed.

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Effect of diet-induced weight loss on plasma apelin and cytokine levels in individuals with the metabolic syndrome

Cited by 85 publications

References 45 publications

Adipokines and their Involvement as a Target of New Drugs

Adipokines and their Involvement as a Target of New Drugs

Adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in coronary artery disease

Adipokine inflammation and insulin resistance: the role of glucose, lipids and endotoxin

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