“…In addition, recent data indicate that the ODN G protein-coupled receptor can also activate adenylyl cyclase (AC; Hamdi et al, 2012). ODN exerts a wide range of biological activities which are mediated either through CBR, i.e., increase of aggressiveness and anxiety (Kavaliers and Hirst, 1986; De Mateos-Verchere et al, 1998), reduction of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and drinking (Dong et al, 1999; Manabe et al, 2001), or through a metabotropic receptor, i.e., inhibition of food intake (Do Rego et al, 2007). Similarly, at the cellular level, the diverse effects of ODN are mediated either through CBR, i.e., stimulation of glial cell and neuroblast proliferation (Gandolfo et al, 1999; Alfonso et al, 2012) and activation of neurosteroid biosynthesis (Do Rego et al, 2001), or through a metabotropic receptor, i.e., increase of intracellular calcium concentration in astrocytes (Leprince et al, 2001) and modulation of neuropeptide expression in neurons (Compère et al, 2003, 2004).…”