Effect of diatom nutrient limitation on copepod development: the role of essential lipids

Breteler, W. C. M. Klein; Schogt, N.; Rampen, Sebastiaan W

doi:10.3354/meps291125

Cited by 125 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Tonon et al (2002) also reported accumulation of DHA in T. pseudonana and P. lutheri, although the incorporation into TAGs was significantly lower and accumulation started later during the course of batch growth. In other studies, EPA or DHA content per algal biomass was reduced or not significantly affected by culture age or nutrient limitation (Klein Breteler et al 2005;Hsiao and Blanch 2006;Gong et al 2013;Nalder et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae

et al. 2016

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Microalgae are the principal producers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in marine ecosystems. Algae are used in aquaculture systems as direct or indirect feed for zooplankton, filter-feeding mollusks and larval stages of crustaceans and fish. Therefore, it is necessary to select nutrient-rich strains, with high levels of EPA and/or DHA, preferably during the stage of rapid growth. During the course of algal growth (exponential to stationary phase), many microalgal species accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols. However, relatively little is known about the effect of growth phase on LC-PUFA accumulation. In the present study, absolute and relative EPA and DHA levels of seven representative species of marine microalgae were determined during different growth phases in batch culture. Four species (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Rhodomonas salina) accumulated fatty acids during growth. In all these species, intracellular EPA levels were higher during the late stationary growth phase than during exponential growth. In contrast, an increase in DHA content was not observed and therefore the DHA-to-EPA ratio was significantly lower in late stationary phase cultures. These results can be used to improve the nutritional value of microalgae cultivated for application in marine aquaculture systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae

et al. 2016

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“…FA composition of prey was shown to be involved in the extent of competition in predators and its seasonal succession (Klein Breteler et al, 2005;McMeans et al, 2015). However, although FA tracers were widely used in aquatic food webs from algae via zooplankton to fish, both in freshwater (e.g., Ahlgren et al, 1997;McMeans et al, 2015) and marine systems (Rossi et al, 2006), understanding of FAs transfer in food webs involving jellyfish is still poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Fatty Acids From Phytoplankton to Jellyfish Polyps Under Different Stress Regimes: A Three Trophic Levels Experiment

et al. 2018

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The impacts of biochemicals driving food web processes are under investigation for just the last few decades. In addition, as jellyfish are drawing increasing attentions because of their mass developments and of their potential capacity of driving food web structures and energy flow by "top-down" and "bottom-up" controls. We here show that the provision with the biochemical complex thiamin (vitamin B 1 ) to the common phytoplankton Rhodomonas baltica altered its fatty acid (FA) pattern toward ω3-highly-unsaturated FAs (ω3-HUFA) and that this pattern was further transferred up to the zooplankton consumer, the copepod Acartia tonsa. However, polyps of the Jellyfish Aurelia aurita feeding on A. tonsa only had a low relative ω3-HUFA content, especially due to a reduction in 22:6ω3 (DHA), but elevated levels of 20:4ω6 (ARA). The high proportion of the ω-6 HUFA, ARA in polyps may provide evidence for preferential conversion of ARA in polyps, eventually from DHA in a so far unknown pathway. In contrast to A. tonsa, newly hatched A. salina nauplii used as food for A. aurita polyps were almost devoid of HUFA, but contained high levels of C 18 polyunsaturated FAs (C 18 -PUFA). Consequently, polyps feeding on them contained few HUFA, while high levels of C 18 -PUFA predominated. This suggests that A. aurita polyps cannot efficiently convert ω3 C 18 -PUFA to ω3-HUFA. In addition, besides a decrease in saturated FAs, especially an increase in HUFA in A. aurita polyps with decreasing temperature was observed, for which the dietary provision with HUFA seemed to be critical. Altering the FA pattern as a response of temperature reflects an adaptation to seasonal changes and may be related to their life history plasticity.

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“…Phytoplankton and other protists vary widely in their composition and nutritional content, causing the quality of copepod diets to vary significantly in the oceans (Jonasdottir et al 2005, Klein-Breteler et al 2005. Understanding the extent of natural variability in food quality is important because poor food quality can affect the growth, production and reproduction of copepods and fish (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variability in fatty acid composition of the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

El‐Sabaawi¹,

Dower²,

Kainz³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Although food quality is thought to play an important role in the survival of marine organisms, the extent of natural variability in food quality over long time scales remains poorly characterized. We present a 6 yr time series of fatty acid data from the calanoid copepod Neocalanus plumchrus, an important contributor to mesozooplankton biomass in the Strait of Georgia and the northeast Pacific Ocean. Fatty acid profiles indicate significant spatiotemporal differences in the diet of this copepod. Spatially, oceanic specimens display fatty acid signatures characteristic of omnivorous copepods while coastal animals display primarily herbivorous, diatom-based signatures. Temporally, the fatty acid profiles of coastal N. plumchrus shifted from an omnivorous oceanic diet to an herbivorous, diatom-based diet between 2001 and 2006. The ratio of diatom to flagellate fatty acid markers increased over time, peaking from 2005 to 2006. The composition of flagellate markers also changed from primarily dinoflagellate markers (rich in docosohexaeonic acid) to green algal markers (poor in this essential fatty acid). The diet of N. plumchrus as deduced from fatty acids correlates with phytoplankton community composition. The abundance of coastal N. plumchrus in the Strait of Georgia was strongly correlated with the ratio of docosahexaeonic acid to eicosapentaeonic acid in the lipids of these copepods. We also discuss the potential for an imbalance of essential fatty acids supplied by a diatom-rich diet to limit the growth and survival of N. plumchrus in the Strait of Georgia.KEY WORDS: Copepod · Diapause · Diet · Docosahexaeonic acid · Eicosapentaeonic acid · DHA · EPA · Fatty acids · Food quality · Neocalanus Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 382: [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161] 2009 which are retained in their zooplankton predators and can be used as qualitative tracers of dietary source (Dalsgaard et al. 2003). Diatoms, for example, are characterized by high concentrations of eicosapentaeonic acid (EPA,, 16:1n-7 and by the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing 16 carbon chains (16PUFA), whereas dinoflagellates are characterized by high concentrations of the essential PUFA docosahexaeonic acid (DHA, and PUFA containing 18 carbons (18PUFA, specifically, 18:4n-3) (Thompson et al. 1992, Viso & Marty 1993, Graeve et al. 1994, Stevens et al. 2004a. Essential PUFAs such as DHA and EPA are important for the physiology of marine copepods and have been shown to affect the efficiency by which energy is transferred in food webs (Müller-Navarra et al. 2000, St. John et al. 2001. Other examples of fatty acid trophic markers of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, bacteria and calanoid copepods are provided in Table 1.The use of fatty acid trophic markers in calanoid copepods has been verified in the laboratory and the field, and has succeeded in establishing trophic relations among and within different species of copepods and...

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Effect of diatom nutrient limitation on copepod development: the role of essential lipids

Cited by 125 publications

References 59 publications

Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae

Growth phase significantly decreases the DHA-to-EPA ratio in marine microalgae

Tracking Fatty Acids From Phytoplankton to Jellyfish Polyps Under Different Stress Regimes: A Three Trophic Levels Experiment

Interannual variability in fatty acid composition of the copepod Neocalanus plumchrus in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

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