Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate on IL‑17A and S‑100β expression levels in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction

Abstract

The present study aimed to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate on the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-17A and S-100β in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). A total of 50 SD rats were randomly allocated into the control group, model group, etomidate group (Eto group), dexmedetomidine group (Dex group) and dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate group (Dex-Eto group). Inhalation anesthesia was used in all five groups. Apart from the control group, partial lobectomy was performed to construct a rat model of cognitive dysfunction. The rats of the model group received no intravenous anesthesia, except general anesthesia with intubation. Morris water maze test was performed before injection (T 0), at the 1st day (T 1), the 3rd day (T 2) and the 5th day (T 3) after operation to assess the memory ability of the rats. At the end of T 3 , the expression levels of IL-17A, S-100β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA and the expression of NF-κB p65 by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the model group showed an increased escape latency and swimming distance, decreased number of times of crossing the platform and target quadrant residence time, and increased expression levels of IL-17A, S-100β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and NF-κB p65. Compared with the model group, the escape latency and swimming distance in the Dex, Eto and Dex-Eto groups were reduced, whereas the number of times of crossing the platform and the target quadrant residence time were increased. In addition, the expression levels of IL-17A, S-100β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and NF-κB p65 were decreased in the Dex, Eto and Dex-Eto groups, compared with the model group. Among the Dex, Eto and Dex-Eto groups, the escape latency and swimming distance in the Dex-Eto group were the shortest, the number of times of crossing the platform and the target quadrant residence time were the highest, and IL-17A, S-100β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and NF-κB p65 expression levels were the lowest. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate can effectively improve POCD.

Update on the Mechanism and Treatment of Sevoflurane-Induced Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

“…It has been confirmed that etomidate mitigates NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in rat macrophages ( Liu M. et al, 2016 ). Compared with treatment with dexamethasone etomidate, Dex combined with etomidate yields a more satisfactory therapeutic effect in the treatment of older rats with POCD, effectively improving cognitive dysfunction and alleviating stress-related inflammation ( Yu and Xie, 2020 ).…”

Progress in Research on the Effect of Melatonin on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Patients

“…POCD is the result of various mechanisms, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysfunction of neurotransmitters or their receptors, circadian rhythm disorders, iron overload ( Gögenur et al, 2007 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Netto et al, 2018 ; Luo et al, 2019 ; Wang C. M. et al, 2021 ). At present, the drugs for the prevention and treatment of POCD include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (parecoxib, acetaminophen, ibuprofen), anesthesia-related drugs (dexmedetomidine, etomidate, oxycodone), ulinastatin, desferrioxamine, antipsychotics, and so on ( Zhou et al, 2019 ; Gan et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Yu and Xie, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ; Duan et al, 2021 ). However, there is still a lack of safe and effective ideal drugs.…”

Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Assisted Intravenous Inhalation Combined Anesthesia on Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism and Serum Th1/Th2 Level in Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients

“…Therefore, the above results indicate that dexmedetomidine can effectively maintain the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and demand in elderly colorectal cancer surgery. In addition, MBP, NSE, S100β and other indicators are important marker molecules that reflect the damage of nerve cells, and have a certain effect on maintaining the proliferation and differentiation of neurons or glial cells ( 15 ). In this study, the levels of MBP, NSE, and S100β in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, indicating that dexmedetomidine has a certain protective effect on nerve function damage caused by intravenous inhalation and combined anesthesia in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.…”