Effect of deposition technique of Ni on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers

Akbulut, S.; Akbulut, A.; Özdemir, Mustafa; Yıldız, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.04.061

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Firstly, it makes it difficult to evaluate the DMI strength by the method of comparing observed bubble diameters with simulations, since the disorder and the field-history effects that it gives rise to have to be accurately taken into account. This is especially the case for superlattices with large repeat numbers where the roughness can change as the number of layers is increased 30 . Disorder and hence pinning has previously been seen to impede device performance resulting in higher than expected current density needed to drive skyrmion motion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks

Zeissler

Mruczkiewicz

Finizio

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We have imaged Néel skyrmion bubbles in perpendicularly magnetised polycrystalline multilayers patterned into 1 µm diameter dots, using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy. The skyrmion bubbles can be nucleated by the application of an external magnetic field and are stable at zero field with a diameter of 260 nm. Applying an out of plane field that opposes the magnetisation of the skyrmion bubble core moment applies pressure to the bubble and gradually compresses it to a diameter of approximately 100 nm. On removing the field the skyrmion bubble returns to its original diameter via a hysteretic pathway where most of the expansion occurs in a single abrupt step. This contradicts analytical models of homogeneous materials in which the skyrmion compression and expansion are reversible. Micromagnetic simulations incorporating disorder can explain this behaviour using an effective thickness modulation between 10 nm grains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The micromagnetic simulation package MuMax 3 30 was used to simulate the experimental results. The simulations were run in the static regime which calculates energetic minima neglecting dynamic effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks

Zeissler

Mruczkiewicz

Finizio

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…It was recorded in our previous report that although the standard reduction potential of Ni 2+ is lower than that of both Fe 2+ and Co 2+ , the Ni +2 ion possesses the highest overpotential among the all investigated metal ions [14]. The high overpotential of Ni +2 has led to a higher deposition rate of Ni at a high electrodeposition potential difference compared with those of Fe and Co. Consequently, the atomic fraction of Ni in the film is much higher than that of Fe and Co.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…However, this technique may produce inappropriate FeCoNi powder, while for magnetic media storage applications, which require soft magnetic material, the most suitable is the film form. Several familiar methods to synthesize metal or alloy in the form of deposit or a film are known, such as electrodeposition technique [9][10][11][12], solgel [13], and magnetron sputtering [14]. Among them, electrodeposition employed for the synthesis of the magnetic films is more cost-effective compared with other preparation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the electrodeposition potential on the magnetic properties of FeCoNi films

Budi

Muhab

Purwanto

et al. 2019

Materials Science-Poland

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The effect of electrodeposition potential on the magnetic properties of the FeCoNi films has been reported in this paper. The FeCoNi electrodeposition was carried out from sulfate solution using potentiostatic technique. The obtained FeCoNi films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It has been shown that the electrodeposition potential applied during the synthesis process determines the magnetic characteristics of FeCoNi films. The more negative potential is applied, the higher Ni content is in the FeCoNi alloy. At the same time, Co and Fe showed almost similar trend in which the content decreased with an increase in applied potential. The mean crystallite size of FeCoNi films was ranging from 11 nm to 15 nm. VSM evaluation indicated that the FeCoNi film is a ferromagnetic alloy with magnetic anisotropy. The high saturation magnetization of FeCoNi film was ranging from 86 A·m 2 /kg to 105 A·m 2 /kg. The film is a soft magnetic material which was revealed by a very low coercivity value in the range of 1.3 kA/m to 3.7 kA/m. Both the saturation magnetization and coercivity values decreased at a more negative electrodeposition potential.

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“…Theoretical calculations predict a maximum PMA for Co/Ni MLs in the fcc(111) structure at a Co thickness of one monolayer and a Ni thickness of two monolayers [7,33] (≈ Co(0.2 nm)/Ni(0.4 nm)), which has been experimentally confirmed by multiple groups [3,4,[34][35][36][37]. Previous studies have shown that PMA of Co/Ni MLs is strongly affected by the deposition process [38,39], choice of seed layers [40], and post-treatment processing, e.g. annealing [41,42] or ion radiation [31,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Magnetic properties of Co/Ni-based multilayers with Pd and Pt insertion layers

Heigl,

Wendler,

Haugg

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this study, the influence of Pd and Pt insertion layers in Co/Ni multilayers (MLs) on their magnetic properties, e.g. magnetic anisotropies, saturation magnetization, coercivity, magnetic domain size, and Curie temperature, is investigated. We compare three series of [Co/Ni/X] N ML systems (X = Pd, Pt, no insertion layer), varying the individual Co layer thickness as well as the repetition number N. All three systems behave very similarly for the different Co layer thicknesses. For all systems, a maximum effective magnetic anisotropy was achieved for MLs with a Co layer thickness between 0.15 nm and 0.25 nm. The transition from an out-of-plane to an in-plane system occurs at about 0.4 nm of Co. While [Co(0.2 nm)/Ni(0.4 nm)] N MLs change their preferred easy magnetization axis from out-of-plane to in-plane after 6 bilayer repetitions, insertion of Pd and Pt results in an extension of this transition beyond 15 repetitions. The maximum effective magnetic anisotropy was more than doubled from 105 kJ/m 3 for [Co/Ni] 3 to 275 and 186 kJ/m 3 for Pt and Pd, respectively. Furthermore, the insertion layers strongly reduce the initial saturation magnetization of 1100 kA/m of Co/Ni MLs and lower the Curie temperature from 720 to around 500 K.

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Effect of deposition technique of Ni on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks

Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks

Effect of the electrodeposition potential on the magnetic properties of FeCoNi films

Magnetic properties of Co/Ni-based multilayers with Pd and Pt insertion layers

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