Effect of Densification Conditions on Specific Energy Requirements and Physical Properties of Compacts Made from Hop Cone

Pampuro, Niccolò; Busato, Patrizia; Cavallo, Eugenio

doi:10.3390/en11092389

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…of CC or CS additives, and at a higher dose of 0.15 g, L s = 67.2 kJ·kg −1 [ 25 ]. Hop cones with 10% moisture content, compacted under the pressure of 40–80 MPa, required lower specific compression energy (14.20–24.48 kJ·kg −1 ) [ 31 ]. For energy-related reasons, it would be beneficial if the L s was less; however, the greater compaction work performed indicates a greater back pressure to be overcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fraction Particle Size of Pure Straw and Blends of Straw with Calcium Carbonate or Cassava Starch on Pelletising Process and Pellet

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to investigate the pressure agglomeration process of wheat straw (WS) and the blends of WS with calcium carbonate (CC) or cassava straw (CS) with a ratio of 6% wt./wt. from seven separate fractions with sizes in the range of 0.21–2.81 mm. The agglomeration was performed at a moisture of 30% wb and a material temperature of 78 °C, with a dose of 0.1 g, in a die of diameter 8 mm and height 80 mm. The effects of the process were evaluated based on the compaction parameters and the pellets’ density, tensile strength, and water absorption. The incorporation of additives into the WS improved the pellet process and quality. Refined results were achieved after adding CC, as compared to those achieved after adding CS, and the preferred particle size was in the range of 1.00–1.94 mm. This was because, under the given conditions, the back pressure in the die chamber significantly increased, allowing the achievement of a single pellet density of 800 kg·m−3. The pellets were resistant to compressive loads and cracked only at tensile strength of 6 MPa and a specific compression work of 6.5 mJ·mm−2. The addition of CC to the WS improved the strength of the adhesive and the cohesive bonds between the particles. The water absorption for the uncrushed pellets was considerably less than that for crushed pellets, which results in the safer storage of uncrushed pellets and excellent moisture absorption of crushed pellets. The addition of CC to the WS offers benefits in the form of pellet strength with a high water absorption capability. Notably, a study of crushed pellet litter under broiler rearing conditions and an analysis of the operational costs of using WS additives are required for implementing this study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fraction Particle Size of Pure Straw and Blends of Straw with Calcium Carbonate or Cassava Starch on Pelletising Process and Pellet

et al. 2020

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“…These methodologies for BSG recycling often require a pre-treatment phase, which is typically a drying process. However, the drying phase represents an energy-intensive process [38], which could raise the costs for the breweries [39]. Jackowski et al (2020) [40] have investigated the possibility of using hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) as a pretreatment of BSG for subsequent use as a biorefinery feedstock.…”

Section: Different Utilization Routes Of Bsg An Alternative To Composting-an Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Composting Process for the Disposal and Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain

et al. 2020

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The brewing industry is characterized by the large production of by-products. Following the fundamentals of a circular economy, several attempts to recycle brewers’ spent grain (BSG) have been investigated. However, little information is available on its use for composting. Considering the main parameters required for optimal development of composting, the objective of the present review was to analyze the literature to determine whether the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of BSG make it suitable for direct composting. As the main factors in the composting process, we considered the BSG moisture content, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, and pH. As described in the literature, the BSG moisture content, C/N ratio, and pH range from 70.6% to 81.3%, 7.1 to 26.5, and 3.8 to 6.9, respectively. This C/N ratio range is lower than the composting target range (20–30). Instead, the mean moisture content in the literature is higher than the 60% to 65% recommended for composting. Optimum pH for aerobic stabilization of compost ranges from 5.5 to 7.5, while the BSG pH in the literature is typically more acidic. Therefore, BSG is not suitable for direct composting. Addition of lignocellulosic bulking agents improves the reduction of moisture content during composting, while also optimizing the substrate properties, such as C/N ratio, air spaces, and pH, to positively affect the composting process. Moreover, livestock manure should be included as a starting material to promote the composting process. In this context, two hypothetical initial mixtures of BSG plus a lignocellulosic bulking agent and livestock manure are presented.

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“…The first part is the optimization of the processing parameters. Based on such research, it has been found that proper ranges of parameters, such as moisture content, particle size, and compression rate, could lead to low energy consumption and high pellet quality (Niccolò et al 2018;Chen et al 2019). However, the optimal ranges vary for different biomass materials (Whittaker and Shield 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the mechanical behavior of the biomass densification process based on a thick-walled cylinder

Wang

Sun

2020

BioRes

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The mechanical behavior of the biomass densification process has noticeable influences on energy consumption and pellet quality. In the authors’ previous work, a method was proposed to determine the inner pressure by testing the circumferential strain of the outer die wall. Based on this method, a device was developed with strain gauges in the form of a single pellet unit. With this device, experiments were conducted with wood shavings, rice straw, and wheat straw under different levels of particle size, compression rate, and moisture content. The effects of these factors on the inner pressure were analyzed. The relationships among the inner pressure, pellet density, and specific energy consumption were obtained. Results showed that the pressure ratio increased linearly and then decreased and became constant during the relaxation period. The pressure change during the relaxation period was isotropic. The results could provide mechanical explanations for the phenomena in biomass densification processes.

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Effect of Densification Conditions on Specific Energy Requirements and Physical Properties of Compacts Made from Hop Cone

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of Fraction Particle Size of Pure Straw and Blends of Straw with Calcium Carbonate or Cassava Starch on Pelletising Process and Pellet

Influence of Fraction Particle Size of Pure Straw and Blends of Straw with Calcium Carbonate or Cassava Starch on Pelletising Process and Pellet

Suitability of Composting Process for the Disposal and Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain

Research on the mechanical behavior of the biomass densification process based on a thick-walled cylinder

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