Effect of delayed auditory feedback on normal speakers at two speech rates

Stuart, Andrew; Kalinowski, Joseph; Rastatter, Michael P.; Lynch, Kerry

doi:10.1121/1.1466868

Cited by 112 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Artificial disruption of normal auditory feedback in the form of temporally delayed feedback induces disfluent speech (Yates, 1963;Stuart et al, 2002). Recent studies have used transient, unexpected auditory feedback perturbations to demonstrate auditory feedback control of speech.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech

2008

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The neural substrates underlying auditory feedback control of speech were investigated using a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and computational modeling. Neural responses were measured while subjects spoke monosyllabic words under two conditions: (i) normal auditory feedback of their speech, and (ii) auditory feedback in which the first formant frequency of their speech was unexpectedly shifted in real time. Acoustic measurements showed compensation to the shift within approximately 135 ms of onset. Neuroimaging revealed increased activity in bilateral superior temporal cortex during shifted feedback, indicative of neurons coding mismatches between expected and actual auditory signals, as well as right prefrontal and Rolandic cortical activity. Structural equation modeling revealed increased influence of bilateral auditory cortical areas on right frontal areas during shifted speech, indicating that projections from auditory error cells in posterior superior temporal cortex to motor correction cells in right frontal cortex mediate auditory feedback control of speech.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech

2008

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“…Early AAF investigations highlighted a number of limitations of the technique, including the size of the devices, individual variability, lack of sustained improvements, and unnatural speech associated with long delays (Bloodstein, 1995;Costello-Ingham, 1993;Goldiamond, 1965;MacKay, 1968;Martin et al, 1984;Perkins et al, 1979). As a result, the effect of AAF on stuttering was discounted until a series of more recent experiments were published (Howell et al, 1987;Kalinowski et al, 1993;Kalinowski et al, 1996;Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, & Lynch, 2002). In contrast to the earlier studies, short delay intervals of 25, 50, 75 ms were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of altered auditory feedback (AAF) on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production

Antipova

Purdy

Blakeley

et al. 2008

Journal of Fluency Disorders

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The present study investigated the immediate effects of eight altered auditory feedback (AAF) parameters on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production on two occasions. One of the modern commercially available portable anti-stuttering devices, "The Pocket Speech Lab" (Casa Futura Technologies ® ) was used in the study to produce the auditory feedback alterations. Six types of combined delayed auditory feedback (DAF) and frequency shifted auditory feedback (FAF) and two types of DAF alone were tested for eight participants aged 16-55 years, with stuttering severity ranging from mild to severe. The present study found that AAF is an effective means to reduce stuttering frequency during monologue speech production. All eight AAF experimental conditions reduced stuttering frequency, however, there was substantial variability in the stuttering reduction effect across experimental conditions and across participants. There was also instability in stuttering reduction across the two testing sessions. On average, a 75 ms time delay on its own and a combination of the 75 ms time delay and a half octave downward frequency shift were found to be more effective than other combinations of AAF parameters that were investigated.Educational objectives: After reading this paper, the reader should be able to (1) summarize the research investigating the effect of altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production; (2) describe the stuttering reduction effect of the eight parameters of AAF tested during monologue speech production; and (3) discuss the possible clinical implications of the use of AAF for stuttering treatment.

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“…This phenomenon, known as the delayed auditory feedback (DAF) effect, is observed as articulatory changes, such as slower speech rates, stuttering, intonation changes, and phoneme exchanges [Chapin et al, 1981]. According to a recent behavioral measurement, maximal disruptions occur at a delay of approximately 200 ms [Stuart et al, 2002]. While speech fluency is maintained without any conscious effort under real-time auditory feedback (RAF), conscious selfmonitoring for overt-speech processing is required under DAF in accordance with the change of auditory feedback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activations during conscious self‐monitoring of speech production with delayed auditory feedback: An fMRI study

Hashimoto

Sakai

2003

Human Brain Mapping

160

141

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Abstract:When a speaker's voice returns to one's own ears with a 200-ms delay, the delay causes the speaker to speak less fluently. This phenomenon is called a delayed auditory feedback (DAF) effect. To investigate neural mechanisms of speech processing through the DAF effect, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, in which we designed a paradigm to explore the conscious overt-speech processing and the automatic overt-speech processing separately, while reducing articulatory motion artifacts. The subjects were instructed to (1) read aloud visually presented sentences under real-time auditory feedback (NORMAL), (2) read aloud rapidly under real-time auditory feedback (FAST), (3) read aloud slowly under real-time auditory feedback (SLOW), and (4) read aloud under DAF (DELAY). In the contrasts of DELAY-NORMAL, DELAY-FAST, and DELAY-SLOW, the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), the supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) showed significant activation. Moreover, we found that the STG activation was correlated with the degree of DAF effect for all subjects. Because the temporo-parietal regions did not show significant activation in the comparisons among NORMAL, FAST, and SLOW conditions, we can exclude the possibility that its activation is due to speech rates or enhanced attention to altered speech sounds. These results suggest that the temporo-parietal regions function as a conscious self-monitoring system to support an automatic speech production system. Hum. Brain Mapping 20:22-28, 2003.

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Effect of delayed auditory feedback on normal speakers at two speech rates

Cited by 112 publications

References 33 publications

Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech

Neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control of speech

Effects of altered auditory feedback (AAF) on stuttering frequency during monologue speech production

Brain activations during conscious self‐monitoring of speech production with delayed auditory feedback: An fMRI study

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