Effect of degree of substitution on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of lauroyl cellulose ester films

Joly, Nicolas; Martin, Patrick; Liénard, Luc; Rutot, Delphine; Stassin, Fabrice; Granet, Robert; Krausz, Pierre; Cavrot, J.P.

doi:10.1515/epoly.2006.6.1.895

Cited by 12 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This phenomenon has already been observed elsewhere. [9] Finally, the tensile strain level e R (Figure 2 c) increased with the DS value for the saturated cellulose ester polymers until it reached a plateau. However, the e R value of unsaturated CE polymers reached a maximum value (57 %) at DS = 2.6 before it decreased.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The results obtained for both of these methods were similar whatever the degree of substitution. [17,18] These reasons make microwave radiation a promising method in green chemistry. The experimental conditions and results obtained for the synthesis of cellulose fatty esters are indicated in Table 1.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cellulose fatty esters can be converted into plastics [8] that have interesting mechanical characteristics. [9] There are different ways to acylate cellulose with fatty substituents. In one approach, cellulose was first activated by immersion in dilute sulfuric acid and then the activated material was ground and stirred with acyl chloride in toluene and pyridine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical parameters, namely the elastic modulus (E), the tensile strength (s R ) and the tensile strain (e R ), were deduced from tensile tests. [9] Contact Angle Measurements Contact angles were determined by the sessile drop method with a water drop of 3 mL and an Apollo Instruments OCA 20 contact angle apparatus at room temperature and ambient humidity. All contact angles were measured on both sides of the drop by the ellipse-fitting calculation method, and the results were averaged at a drop age of 1 s. Each contact angle reported here is an average of the values obtained for a minimum of four points on the sample surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Cellulose Fatty Esters as Plastics—Influence of the Degree of Substitution and the Fatty Chain Length on Mechanical Properties

Crépy¹,

Chaveriat²,

Banoub

et al. 2009

ChemSusChem

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117

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Alternative films: The effect of the chain length and the degree of substitution on the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of various cellulose fatty ester plastic films was studied. The results suggest that the cellulose ester plastic films are promising alternatives to petrochemical commodity plastics such as polyethylene.Cellulose-based plastic films were prepared by acylating cellulose in homogeneous media under microwave irradiation with fatty acyl chlorides containing either saturated or unsaturated chains of various lengths (C(12) to C(18)). The resultant cellulose esters were analysed by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy to confirm their structure and to determine their degree of substitution. Some of the cellulose fatty esters were then converted into polymer films by casting. The mechanical properties of these films were determined, including their elastic modulus, tensile strength and tensile strain level. The hydrophobicity of the polymer films was determined by contact angle measurement with water. The mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the plastic films were then compared to those of commodity plastics.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Cellulose Fatty Esters as Plastics—Influence of the Degree of Substitution and the Fatty Chain Length on Mechanical Properties

Crépy¹,

Chaveriat²,

Banoub

et al. 2009

ChemSusChem

Self Cite

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another characteristic band was observed between 3000 and 3500 cm -1 , which is assigned to the hydroxyl group stretching vibrations. In comparison with the spectrum of the original hemicelluloses, the characteristic absorptions at 1740 cm -1 due to the carbonyl ester groups and 1250 cm -1 due to C-O stretching of the ester groups were observed in the spectrum of phthaloylated hemicellulosic sample 3 [15]. It was also observed that the peaks of C=C stretching in the aromatic ring of the modified polymers occur at 1605 and 1508 cm -1 (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Rapid phthaloylation and succinylation of hemicelluloses by microwave irradiation

et al. 2008

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Rapid phthaloylation and succinylation of wheat straw hemicelluloses with phthaloyl dichloride (PdC) and succinyl chloride (SC) in N,Ndimethylformamide/lithium chloride (DMF/LiCl) system using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a catalyst was achieved for only 5 minutes at 50 °C by microwave irradiation. The degree of substitution (DS) ranged between 0.43 and 1.47. The effect of the molar ratios of xylose units in hemicelluloses to phthaloyl dichloride or succinyl chloride on the degree of substitution was investigated. It was found that the reactivity of succinyl chloride was higher as compared to Phthaloyl dichloride under similar experimental conditions. 13 C NMR studies revealed that the esterification occurred at the C-3 and C-2 positions in the -D-xylose units of hemicelluloses, but preferentially at C-3 position. However, it should be noted that microwave irradiation did result in more degradation of the macromolecular hemicelluloses than conventional heating technique as shown by a lower thermal stability of the hemicellulosic derivatives obtained by microwave irradiation than those obtained by conventional heating technique.

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Optimization of nanofiber‐caproate/laurate esters synthesis, their characterization, and usage as emulsifier in o/w emulsion

Erinç

Mert

et al. 2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The aim of this study is to optimize the esterification of nanofibers with caproyl/lauroyl chlorides at different substitution degrees' (DS) and to investigate the usage of nanofiber derivatives in model emulsions. First, cellulosic material was obtained and milled into nanofibers using a micro‐fluidizer. Then, these nanofibers were esterified with caproyl/lauroyl chlorides in a solvent of DMAc/LiCl with DMAP as an acid scavenger. The esterification of nanofibers with caproyl/lauroyl chlorides was optimized for fatty acid chloride mole and reaction time. Esterification reactions were carried out at 80°C with various molar ratios of acyl chlorides (3–15 moles) versus anhydroglucose unit of nanofibers and for various time durations (30–360 min). The hydrophobic derivatives with DS in the range of 0.34–2.77 were successfully obtained. Using the data obtained as a result of the optimization, nanofiber‐fatty acid esters with different DS (0.50–2.75) were produced and characterized. Analyzes showed that the esterification process was successful and as the degree of esterification increased, the crystallinity index and thermal stability of the derivatives decreased. Then, the nanofiber‐caproate/laurate esters with different DS were used as emulsifier (0.5 wt%) in an oil‐in‐water model emulsion containing 25 wt% oil and the emulsions were analyzed. The nanofiber caproate/laurate esters with a DS of 0.50–1.25 were suitable for o/w emulsions, while samples with a DS of 2.00 and above were not found suitable. Emulsions prepared by using nanofiber derivatives with 1.25 DS had higher G′ and G″ and viscosity values and lower droplet sizes than those of other group.

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Effect of degree of substitution on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of lauroyl cellulose ester films

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis of Cellulose Fatty Esters as Plastics—Influence of the Degree of Substitution and the Fatty Chain Length on Mechanical Properties

Synthesis of Cellulose Fatty Esters as Plastics—Influence of the Degree of Substitution and the Fatty Chain Length on Mechanical Properties

Rapid phthaloylation and succinylation of hemicelluloses by microwave irradiation

Optimization of nanofiber‐caproate/laurate esters synthesis, their characterization, and usage as emulsifier in o/w emulsion

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