Effect of Degree of Fatty Acid Unsaturation in Tocopherol Deficiency-induced Creatinuria

Witting, Lloyd A.; Horwitt, M. K.

doi:10.1093/jn/82.1.19

Cited by 196 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…PIn was used as an estimate of susceptibility of lipids to oxidation and was calculated using the following formula: PIn = 0·025 × (percentage of monoenoics) + 1 × (percentage of dienoics) + 2 × (percentage of trienoics) + 4 × (percentage of tetraenoics) + 6 × (percentage of pentaenoics) + 8 × (percentage of hexaenoics) (41) . Specific growth rate (SGR) = 100 × (lnWf − lnW0)/t, where Wo is the initial weight (g) and Wf the final weight (g) at time t (d).…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

et al. 2016

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Increased substitution of marine ingredients by terrestrial plant products in aquafeeds has been proven to be suitable for Atlantic salmon farming. However, a reduction in n-3 long-chain PUFA is a consequence of this substitution. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of fishmeal and oil substitution on levels of micronutrients such as Se, considering fish are major sources of this mineral for human consumers. To evaluate the effects of dietary marine ingredient substitution on tissue Se distribution and the expression of Se metabolism and antioxidant enzyme genes, Atlantic salmons were fed three feeds based on commercial formulations with increasing levels of plant proteins (PP) and vegetable oil. Lipid content in flesh did not vary at any sampling point, but it was higher in the liver of 1 kg of fish fed higher PP. Fatty acid content reflected dietary input and was related to oxidation levels (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances). Liver had the highest Se levels, followed by head kidney, whereas the lowest contents were found in brain and gill. The Se concentration of flesh decreased considerably with high levels of substitution, reducing the added value of fish consumption. Only the brain showed significant differences in glutathione peroxidase, transfer RNA selenocysteine 1-associated protein 1b and superoxide dismutase expression, whereas no significant regulation of Se-related genes was found in liver. Although Se levels in the diets satisfied the essential requirements of salmon, high PP levels led to a reduction in the supply of this essential micronutrient.

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Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

et al. 2016

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“…The silage-based diet was expected to have the greater potential to cause destruction of a-tocopherol because of its high content of 18:3 (n-3), the peroxidizability index of which is twice that of 18:2 (n-6) (Witting and Horwitt, 1964), the major PUFA in the concentrate. The differences between the feeds would, however, be reduced by biohydrogenation in the rumen as a result of the higher biohydrogenation of 18:3 (n-3) compared to 18:2 (n-6) (Chikunya et al, 2004;Sinclair et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of vitamin E supplementation and basal diet on the vitamin E status, performance and tissue fatty acid concentration in lambs

Kasapidou

Enser

Wood

et al. 2009

Animal

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In order to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E level and basal diet on vitamin E status, performance and tissue fatty acid content, five groups of eight Suffolk 3 Charollais wether lambs with an initial live weight of 28.4 (s.d. 1.6) kg were allocated to one of five concentrate-based diets supplemented with all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate to contain 30 mg (C-30), 60 mg (C-60), 120 mg (C-120), 250 mg (C-250) or 500 mg (C-500) a-tocopheryl acetate/kg dry matter (DM), for 63 days. Two additional groups of eight lambs entered the study at 31.2 (s.d. 3.3) kg and were fed grass silage and 400 g/day concentrate for 56 days, with the whole diet providing the equivalent of 60 mg (S-60) or 500 mg (S-500) a-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Lambs were weighed and blood samples obtained by venipuncture weekly. Dietary vitamin E level did not affect performance ( P . 0.05), but lambs fed grass silage grew more slowly ( P , 0.001) and had a higher ( P , 0.001) feed conversion ratio (kg feed/kg gain) than those fed concentrates. At day 0 plasma a-tocopherol concentrations were 0.8 mg/ml and did not differ between treatments ( P . 0.05). Plasma a-tocopherol concentrations then decreased in all lambs except for those fed S-500, which increased, and at slaughter were (mg/ml) 0.07, 0.23, 0.39, 0.76 and 1.57 in C-30, C-60, C-120, C-250 and C-500 and 1.18 and 1.93 in S-60 and S-500, respectively. At slaughter, muscle and liver a-tocopherol concentrations were in the deficiency range for lambs fed C-30, C-60 or C-120, whereas plasma creatine kinase and tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids were unaffected by dietary vitamin E level, but creatine kinase levels were higher ( P , 0.05) and glutathione peroxidise levels lower ( P , 0.001) in lambs fed grass silage than concentrates alone. Muscle and liver a-tocopherol concentrations were 1.8-and 4.1-fold higher in lambs fed S-60 than C-60, but there was less of a difference between lambs fed S-500 or C-500 with muscle and liver differences of 0.4-and 0.7-fold, respectively. Tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher ( P , 0.05) and n-6 fatty acids lower in lambs receiving the grass silage compared to concentrate-based diets, but were not affected by dietary vitamin E level. It is concluded that lower plasma and tissue levels of a-tocopherol are present in lambs supplemented with all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate on a concentrate compared to a mixed diet of silage and concentrates, and that normal growth can be achieved at tissue levels previously considered to represent deficiency.Keywords: a-tocopherol, concentrates, fatty acids, grass silage, lamb growth ImplicationsVitamin E is necessary to protect tissues from oxidative damage. When lambs were fed a concentrate or grass silage-based diet supplemented with increasing amounts of vitamin E, substantially lower plasma and tissue vitamin E levels were observed in lambs receiving the concentratebased diets. Animal performance was, however, unaffected by dietary vitamin E level. Tissue fatty acid composition was also unaffected by...

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“…Van den Bergh et al (29) have reported synergistic role of vitamin E and C in protection against peroxidation in human erythrocyte membrane. Vitamin C can restore the antioxidant properties of oxidized vitamin E by recycling vitamin E radical (30). In the present study decrease in plasma vitamin C may be due to increased utilization for bacteriocidal activity, which in turn may have lead to decreased vitamin E regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in tubercular meningitis

Sudha

Rao

et al. 2002

Indian J Clin Biochem

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Oxidative stress is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Therefore, in the present study, erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, percentage hemolysis, antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and plasma antioxidants viz., ceruloplasmin, vitamins A,E and C have been determined in 19 patients with tubercular meningitis (TBM) and 50 normals. Six patients who were treated with antibiotics were considered for the follow up. The statistical analysis was carried out by Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Lipid peroxidation (P<0.02), percentage hemolysis (P<0.001) and plasma ceruloplasmin (P<0.0001) of TBM patients were significantly higher, whereas erythrocyte glutathione reductase (P<0.05) and plasma antioxidant vitamins A, E and C (P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively) were significantly lower than those of the controls. In the follow up patients the glutathione reductase and catalase levels were significantly high (P<0.05) compared to their pre-treated condition. Vitamin C and E levels have attained normal range. This study indicated that the blood antioxidant status of TBM patients which was low compared to controls improved after treatment, suggesting the role of free radicals in TBM.

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Effect of Degree of Fatty Acid Unsaturation in Tocopherol Deficiency-induced Creatinuria

Cited by 196 publications

References 19 publications

Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

Modulation of selenium tissue distribution and selenoprotein expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) fed diets with graded levels of plant ingredients

Influence of vitamin E supplementation and basal diet on the vitamin E status, performance and tissue fatty acid concentration in lambs

Oxidative stress and antioxidants in tubercular meningitis

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